The gradient wettability surface is processed on the surface of Si3N4 ceramics using a 1030 nm femtosecond laser. Both the microdimple morphology, surface contact angle, and surface chemical structure are determined using optical microscopy, optical profilometry, contact angle measuring instrument, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effects of average laser power, scanning passes, and microdimple distribution density on both surface morphology and contact angle are also studied. Accordingly, the wettability surfaces of different gradients are processed by changing the microdimple distribution density, and the flow state of the cutting fluid on the gradient wettability surface is observed using a high‐speed camera. The results show that both the diameter and depth of the microdimple increase with the increase in the average laser power and scanning passes. As the average laser power increases, the surface contact angle gradually reduces and then increases. Moreover, because of the increase in scanning passes, the surface contact angle gradually decreases. The microdimple morphology is an important factor affecting the wettability of the sample surface. Reason construction of the surface microdimple distribution density can obtain different gradients of wettability surface. Furthermore, with a larger gradient, the wetting rate of the cutting fluid will be faster.
Femtosecond laser processing gradient wettability is emerging as a powerful technology to control the wettability of surfaces due to its several advantages such as low pollution, good stability, and short processing cycle. A micro-textured surface with a stripe groove structure was processed on the surface of an AlN ceramic using a 1030 nm femtosecond laser. The surface roughness, the chemical composition, contact angle, and surface microstructures were determined using optical profilometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle measuring instrument and, scanning electron microscope, respectively. The wettability surfaces of different gradients were obtained by changing the number of laser scanning passes. Moreover, the flow state of the droplet on the gradient wettability surface was observed via a high-speed camera. The experimental results show that as the surface roughness increases, the surface wettability gradually becomes hydrophilic. Furthermore, the hydrophobic loss is due to the increase in the number of hydrophilic C–O bonds and to the reduction of the hydrophobic C–C bonds on the surfaces. And, the wetting rate of the droplet is faster when a large gradient is present. This new technology can be applied in cutting tools with their rake face subject to reduced wear and to improve the machining efficiency and accuracy.
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