Coronary microvascular disease (CMVD) is common in patients with cardiovascular risk factors and is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Although the study of CMVD in modern medicine is ongoing, there is still no effective treatment for it. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has some clinical advantages based on syndrome differentiation and individualized treatment. In this review, we review the clinical significance, pathogenesis, and current treatments of CMVD and systematically summarize the clinical efficacy and potential action mechanisms of TCM for CMVD. In addition, the scientific problems that need to be solved urgently and the research strategy of TCM for CMVD are described. CMVD has great clinical significance, but there are still many gaps in the related research. This review aims to attract the attention of clinicians to CMVD and promote research on CMVD in TCM.
Objectives To investigate the spiritual care needs and their attributes among Chinese elders hospitalized for severe chronic heart failure (CHF) based on the Kano model, in order to provide a reference for improving the quality and satisfaction of spiritual care. Methods An observational design was implemented, and the STROBE Checklist was used to ensure quality reporting of the study. The demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Scale, and the Kano model–based Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Attributes Scale were used. A convenience sample of 451 patients were selected from 2 hospitals. Descriptive statistics, and Kano model were used to analyze the data. Results The total score of spiritual care needs was 29.95 ± 7.51. Among the 12 items, 3 items were attractive attributes, all of which were located in Reserving Zone IV; 5 items were one-dimensional attributes, of which 3 were located in Predominance Zone I and 2 were located in Improving Zone II; 2 items were must-be attributes, all of which were located in Improving Zone II; and 2 items were indifference attributes, all of which were located in Secondary Improving Zone III. Significance of results The spiritual care needs among Chinese elders hospitalized for severe CHF were moderate. The must-be and one-dimensional attributes mainly focus on “creating a good atmosphere” and “sharing self-perception” dimensions, while attractive attributes mainly focus on “sharing self-perception” and “helping thinking” dimensions. It is suggested that hospital authority should develop and innovate attractive attributes on the basis of maintaining and perfecting must-be and one-dimensional attributes, and objectively analyze and optimize indifference attributes.
Background To screen and identify key genes involved in heart failure and explore underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods The expression profile of GSE26887 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), which contained 24 samples, including 19 left ventricle cardiac tissue of heart failure and 5 controls. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained and got further analysis by bioinformatics methods. The DEGs and volcano plot were acquired with the use of ‘lima’ package in ‘R’ software and heat map was drawn through the ‘heatmap’ package. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis of DEGs were performed by means of Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) online analyses, respectively. The DEGs interaction and network map were constructed through Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING ) database and Cystoscope(v3.6.0)software. Results The transcriptome analysis of left ventricle cardiac tissue showed that 236 genes were differentially expressed between heart failure and control, of which 124 were significantly upregulated (P < 0.01) and 101 genes downregulated (P < 0.01). GO analysis uncovered that DEGs were enriched in extracellular space, extracellular matrix, extracellular matrix organization, cell adhesion, proteinaceous extracellular matrix and heparin binding. Thus, the function of extracellular matrix is mainly affected. The KEGG pathway enrichment indicated that the DEGs were involved in eight pathways, of these pathways, ECM-receptor interaction, Drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 and Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection are dominant. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) revealed the interactions of 30 protein products encoded of DEGs. Of the 30 protein products, the critical gene, called Interleukin-6 (IL6), was identified with the use of Cystoscope software. Conclusion Extracellular matrix and IL6 play an important role in the development of heart failure. Functional annotation and pathway analysis of these main genes were identified, which provide the basis for insight into the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and predicting therapeutic targets of heart failure.
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