Working memory (WM) has been a major focus of cognitive science and neuroscience for the past 50 years. While most WM research has centered on the mechanisms of objects, there has been a lack of investigation into the cognitive and neural mechanisms of events, which are the building blocks of our experience. Employing confirmatory factor analysis and resting-state and task fMRI, our study demonstrated for the first time that events have an independent storage space within WM, known as the event cache, with distinct neural correlates compared to object storage in WM. The cerebellar network was found to be the most essential network for event cache, with the left cerebellum Crus I being particularly involved in encoding and maintaining events. Our findings shed critical light on the neuropsychological mechanism of WM by revealing event cache as an independent sub-component of WM and encourage the reconsideration of theoretical models for WM.
Mineral carbonation of flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) can not only sequester CO2 to mitigate the greenhouse effect, but also produce CaCO3 to generate economic benefit. A mixture of calcite and vaterite CaCO3 was produced by FGDG carbonation in our previous study. Nevertheless, the production of uniform crystalline CaCO3, especially for vaterite, still maintains a big challenge via carbonation of FGDG. Herein, nearly pure vaterite was synthesized via FGDG carbonation in the presence of glycine was reported firstly. The results show that the content of vaterite increased from 60% to 97% with increasing glycine concentration and then kept a constant value, indicating that glycine can promote the formation of vaterite and inhibit the growth of calcite. Additionally, the investigation of vaterite growth mechanism in the presence of glycine demonstrated that the formation of intermediate, glycinate calcium, played an important role to stimulate the growth of vaterite. This study provides a new insight to produce a high-valued vaterite CaCO3 during the direct mineral carbonation of FGDG.
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