Photocatalytic
[3 + 2] cycloadditions and control of
stereochemistry
have remained a substantial challenge, particularly in the context
of heterocycle synthesis; sporadic successful examples have involved
enantioselective [3 + 2] photocycloaddition between redox-active direct
group-containing cyclopropanes and alkenes for creation of cyclopentanes.
Herein, we report a cooperative catalytic system comprising a chiral
nickel Lewis acid catalyst and an organic photocatalyst fueled by
visible-light irradiation that allows for the hitherto elusive asymmetric
[3 + 2] photocycloaddition of β-keto esters with vinyl azides
under redox-neutral conditions. This protocol enables highly enantioselective
construction of polycyclic densely substituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole heterocycles featuring two contiguous tetrasubstituted
carbon stereocenters, including a useful chiral N,O-ketal motif that is not easily accessible with
other catalytic methods. Mechanistic studies revealed that the overall
reactivity relies on the seamless integration of dual roles of nickel
catalysts by the catalytic formation of the substrate/Ni complex,
assisting both photoredox event and enantioselective radical addition.
The asymmetric Michael addition of phosphorus nucleophiles to electron-deficient alkenes is one of the most direct and atom-economical methods to provide chiral organophosphorus compounds with high efficiency in recent years....
The transition metal catalyzed cycloaddition reaction is one of the most powerful tools for the construction of carbon- and heterocycles. Comprehensive computational studies are employed to investigate the mechanism and...
To achieve in situ dynamic fluorescence
in the
solid state and unveil the mechanism remain a formidable challenge.
Herein, through synergizing the cavities of macrocycles for dynamic
complexing and the channels of frameworks for facile transit, we construct
intrinsic channels from an emissive cyclophane and realize precisely
tunable emission in the solid state through the sequential guests’
exchange. Specifically, two design criteria involve (1) The twisted
cyanostilbene units not only endow the systems with solid-state fluorescence
but also tailor the π–π interactions in the complex
to generate the desired emission and (2) the large cavity of cyclophane
results in the formation of ternary complexes with controllable binding
affinity which further assemble into robust channels for the guests’
exchange in the bulky state. This strategy unifies the advantages
of both macrocycle and framework in one system, achieving visualization,
recyclability, and easy processability simultaneously. The present
study paves an easy, efficient, and general platform for constructing
dynamic optical materials.
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