Location-based social networks (LBSNs) provide people with an interface to share their locations and write reviews about interesting places of attraction. The shared locations form the crowdsourced digital footprints, in which each user has many connections to many locations, indicating user preference to locations. In this paper, we propose an approach for personalized travel package recommendation to help users make travel plans. The approach utilizes data collected from LBSNs to model users and locations, and it determines users' preferred destinations using collaborative filtering approaches. Recommendations are generated by jointly considering user preference and spatiotemporal constraints. A heuristic search-based travel route planning algorithm was designed to generate travel packages. We developed a prototype system, which obtains users' travel demands from mobile client and generates travel packages containing multiple points of interest and their visiting sequence. Experimental results suggest that the proposed approach shows promise with respect to improving recommendation accuracy and diversity. Index Terms-Location-based social networks (LBSNs), point-ofinterest (POI) detection, travel package recommendation, travel route planning (TRP).
Photons that are entangled or correlated in orbital angular momentum have been extensively used for remote sensing, object identification and imaging. It has recently been demonstrated that intensity fluctuations give rise to the formation of correlations in the orbital angular momentum components and angular positions of random light. Here we demonstrate that the spatial signatures and phase information of an object with rotational symmetries can be identified using classical orbital angular momentum correlations in random light. The Fourier components imprinted in the digital spiral spectrum of the object, as measured through intensity correlations, unveil its spatial and phase information. Sharing similarities with conventional compressive sensing protocols that exploit sparsity to reduce the number of measurements required to reconstruct a signal, our technique allows sensing of an object with fewer measurements than other schemes that use pixel-by-pixel imaging. One remarkable advantage of our technique is that it does not require the preparation of fragile quantum states of light and operates at both low- and high-light levels. In addition, our technique is robust against environmental noise, a fundamental feature of any realistic scheme for remote sensing.
A realistic interpretation(REIN) of wave function in quantum mechanics is briefly presented in this work. In REIN, the wave function of a microscopic object is just its real existence rather than a mere mathematical description. Quantum object can exist in disjoint regions of space which just as the wave function distributes, travels at a finite speed, and collapses instantly upon a measurement. The single photon interference in a MachZehnder interferometer is analyzed using REIN. In particular, we proposed and experimentally implemented a generalized delayed-choice experiment, the encounter-delayed-choice(EDC) experiment, in which the second beam splitter is inserted at the encounter of the two sub-waves from the two arms. In the EDC experiment, the front parts of wave functions before the beam splitter insertion do not interfere and show the particle nature, and the back parts of the wave functions will interfere and show a wave nature. The predicted phenomenon is clearly demonstrated in the experiment, and supports the REIN idea.PACS numbers: 03.65.Ta, 03.65.Ud, 42.50.Xa,42.50.DvThe wave-particle duality is a central concept of quantum mechanics and is strikingly illustrated in the well-known Wheeler's delayed-choice gedanken experiment [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. A good demonstration of the delayed-choice experiment is given by a two-path interferometer, Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), seen in Figure 1(a). A single photon is directed to the MZI followed by two detectors at its end. If the output beam splitter BS 2 is present (closed configuration), the photon is first split by the input beam splitter BS 1 and then travels inside the MZI with a tunable phase shifter φ until the two interfering paths are recombined by BS 2 . When φ is varied, the interference fringes are observed as a modulation of the detection probabilities of detectors D 1 and D 2 . It indicates that the photon travels both paths of the MZI to behave as a wave and the two paths are indistinguishable. If BS 2 is absent (open configuration), a click in only one of the two detectors with probability 1/2, independent of φ, is associated with a given path to indicate that the photon travels along a single path and behaves as a particle. Such an experiment concludes that quantum systems exhibit wave or particle behavior depending on the configuration of the measurement apparatus. Moreover, the two complementary experimental setups are mutually exclusive and the two behaviors, wave and particle behavior, cannot be observed simultaneously.Recently, a new extension of the delayed-choice experiment (quantum delayed-choice) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], where the output beam splitter in this classical state is replaced with that in a quantum superposition state, has been proposed. The experiment indicates that BS 2 can be simultaneously absent and present, and both wave and particle behavior can be simultaneously observed to show a morphing behavior between wave and particle.The concept of a wave function is introduced to quantum theory as a c...
Background and objectPolyelectrolyte microcapsule is a promising candidate for multifunctional drug delivery system. However, the lack of reports about animal experiments have greatly slowed down their development for drug delivery. We engineered biodegradable chitosan–alginate polyelectrolyte multilayer capsule filled with bovine serum albumin gel (BSA-gel-capsule). Herein, we demonstrated their applicability for local chemotherapy, a means of treating local or regional malignancies by direct administration of anti-tumor agents to tumor sites.MethodDoxorubicin (DOX) was loaded in BSA-gel-capsules and DOX-resistant cell line (MCF-7/ADR cells) was employed for antitumor studies in vitro. The cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and distribution of DOX from BSA-gel-capsules were studied. Afterwards, MCF-7/ADR xenografts tumor model was established in nude mice. The in vivo antitumor efficacy of DOX-loaded BSA-gel-capsules by intratumor injection was then evaluated.ResultCompared with free DOX, more effective cytotoxicity against MCF-7/ADR cells after treatment with DOX-loaded BSA-gel-capsules was revealed, demonstrating the positive reversal effect on drug-resistance. Thereafter, the more cellular uptake and nucleus distribution of DOX from BSA-gel-capsules in MCF-7/ADR cells provided convincing explanation for the reversal effect. DOX-loaded BSA-gel-capsules displayed remarkably more antitumor efficacy than free DOX in MCF-7/ADR cell-xenografted mice. Finally, the high DOX accumulation and prolonged retention in tumor site after local administration of DOX-loaded BSA-gel-capsules was demonstrated, displaying the unique advantages of BSA-gel-capsules for local chemotherapy.ConclusionThese findings indicate that DOX-loaded BSA-gel-capsules should be considered a potential candidate for the treatment of drug-resistant breast cancer. This paper provides a feasibility for the local chemotherapy of polyelectrolyte microcapsules, which will be a big step towards their application as drug delivery vehicles.
Lensless ghost imaging has attracted much interest in recent years due to its profound physics and potential applications. In this paper we report studies of the robust properties of the lensless ghost imaging system with a pseudo-thermal light source in a strongly scattering medium. The effects of the positions of the strong medium on the ghost imaging are investigated. In the lensless ghost imaging system, a pseudo-thermal light is split into two correlated beams by a beam splitter. One beam goes to a charge-coupled detector camera, labeled as CCD2. The other beam goes to an object and then is collected in another charge-coupled detector camera, labeled as CCD1, which serves as a bucket detector. When the strong medium, a pane of ground glass disk, is placed between the object and CCD1, the bucket detector, the quality of ghost imaging is barely affected and a good image could still be obtained. The quality of the ghost imaging can also be maintained, even when the ground glass is rotating, which is the strongest scattering medium so far. However, when the strongly scattering medium is present in the optical path from the light source to CCD2 or the object, the lensless ghost imaging system hardly retrieves the image of the object. A theoretical analysis in terms of the second-order correlation function is also provided.
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