When the spent lithium ion battery is processed pyrometallurgically, lithium is generally fixed as slag with a high melting/boiling point which is difficult to be treated further. In this research, an innovative method to recycle lithium from pyro-slag by evaporation during chlorination roasting was proposed. Different chlorine donors, namely NaCl, AlCl3, and CaCl2 were evaluated by HSC software and experiments, among which CaCl2 possessed a stronger ability of chlorine donation in the chlorination roasting process. Experiments proved that 97.45% lithium was evaporated with the Cl/Li molar ratio of 1.8:1 when the mixture of a simulated slag and CaCl2 was roasted at 1000 °C for 90 min. XRD results demonstrated that the majority of LiAl­(SiO3)2 in the slag was transformed into LiCl. All results implied that chlorination roasting should be a promising strategy for lithium recovery from the pyrometallurgical slag after pyro-treatment of the spent lithium ion battery.

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The equilibrium solubility of sucrose in methyl stearate, methyl oleate and methyl laurate with or without the addition of surfactants was investigated. The side reactions, pyrolysis of the sucrose, glucose and fructose, are also discussed through studying their data of differential thermal analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis. Results show that the solubilities of sucrose in methyl esters of fatty acids range from 0.01 g/100 g to 0.21 g/100 g in a surfactant-free system with the temperature range of 40-140°C. The addition of surfactants increased the sucrose solubility in the fatty acid esters. Under the strict anhydrous conditions, the soap concentration can be controlled at a very low level. With the increase in the temperature, sucrose began to decrease in weight at 225 AE 5°C, glucose began to decrease in weight at 85 AE 5°C, and fructose began to decrease in weight at 170 AE 5°C.