Designing effective electrocatalysts for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is an appealing approach to tackling the challenges posed by rising CO2 levels and realizing a closed carbon cycle. However, fundamental understanding of the complicated CO2RR mechanism in CO2 electrocatalysis is still lacking because model systems are limited. We have designed a model nickel single‐atom catalyst (Ni SAC) with a uniform structure and well‐defined Ni‐N4 moiety on a conductive carbon support with which to explore the electrochemical CO2RR. Operando X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and near‐ambient X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, revealed that Ni+ in the Ni SAC was highly active for CO2 activation, and functioned as an authentic catalytically active site for the CO2RR. Furthermore, through combination with a kinetics study, the rate‐determining step of the CO2RR was determined to be *CO2−+H+→*COOH. This study tackles the four challenges faced by the CO2RR; namely, activity, selectivity, stability, and dynamics.
Classical strong metal−support interaction (SMSI) has attracted intensive attention in the heterogeneous catalysis field; however, its crystalline TiO x overlayer and reversible feature often curtail the effect of classical SMSI on enhancing the catalytic performance of supported metal catalysts in oxidation reactions, especially at elevated temperatures. Here, we report the evidence that Pt nanoparticles can be encapsulated by an amorphous and permeable TiO x cover layer in Pt/TiO 2 catalysts under an oxidative atmosphere, where the keys are the utilization of melamine, followed by annealing in nitrogen flow and further calcination at 800 °C in air. More importantly, the formed overlayer is stabilized against re-oxidation at 400−600 °C in air, in sharp contrast to the retreat of the TiO x overlayer by subsequent oxidation treatment in classical SMSI. Such an extraordinary strategy is further demonstrated on titania-supported Pd and Rh nanoparticles, paving a promising way for designing supported platinum group metal-based catalysts with high activity and stability.
Designing effective electrocatalysts for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is an appealing approach to tackling the challenges posed by rising CO2 levels and realizing a closed carbon cycle. However, fundamental understanding of the complicated CO2RR mechanism in CO2 electrocatalysis is still lacking because model systems are limited. We have designed a model nickel single‐atom catalyst (Ni SAC) with a uniform structure and well‐defined Ni‐N4 moiety on a conductive carbon support with which to explore the electrochemical CO2RR. Operando X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and near‐ambient X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, revealed that Ni+ in the Ni SAC was highly active for CO2 activation, and functioned as an authentic catalytically active site for the CO2RR. Furthermore, through combination with a kinetics study, the rate‐determining step of the CO2RR was determined to be *CO2−+H+→*COOH. This study tackles the four challenges faced by the CO2RR; namely, activity, selectivity, stability, and dynamics.
Controllable synthesis
of metal–organic frameworks with
well-defined morphology, composition, and size is of great importance
toward understanding their structure–property relationship
in various applications. Herein, we demonstrate a general strategy
to modulate the relative growth rate of the secondary building units
(SBUs) along different crystal facets for the synthesis of Fe–Co,
Mn0.5Fe0.5–Co, and Mn–Co Prussian
blue analogues (PBAs) with tunable morphologies. The same growth rate
of SBUs along the {100}, {110}, and {111} surfaces at 0 °C results
in the formation of spherical PBA particles, while the lowest growth
rate of SBUs along the {100} surface resulting from the highest surface
energy with increasing reaction temperature induces the formation
of PBA cubes. Fenton reaction was used as the model reaction to probe
the structure–catalytic activity relation for the as-synthesized
catalysts. The cubic Fe–Co PBA was found to exhibit the best
catalytic performance with reaction rate constant 6 times higher than
that of the spherical counterpart. Via density functional theory calculations,
the abundant enclosed {100} facets in cubic Fe–Co PBA were
identified to have the highest surface energy and favor high Fenton
reaction activity.
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