Electrochemical reduction of CO 2 provides an opportunity to reach a carbon-neutral energy recycling regime, in which CO 2 emissions from fuel use are collected and converted back to fuels. The reduction of CO 2 to CO is the first step towards the synthesis of more complex carbon-based fuels and chemicals. Therefore, understanding this step is crucial for the development of high-performance electrocatalyst for CO 2 conversion to higher order products such as hydrocarbons. Here we synthesize atomic iron dispersed on nitrogen-doped graphene (Fe/NG) as an efficient electrocatalyst for CO 2 reduction to CO. Fe/NG has a low reduction overpotential with high Faradic efficiency up to 80%. The existence of nitrogenconfined atomic Fe moieties on the nitrogen-doped graphene layer was confirmed by aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. The Fe/NG catalysts provide an ideal platform for comparative studies of the effect of the catalytic center on the electrocatalytic performance. The CO 2 reduction reaction mechanism on atomic Fe surrounded by four N atoms (Fe-N 4) embedded in nitrogen-doped graphene is further investigated through density functional theory calculations, revealing a possible promotional effect of nitrogen doping on graphene.

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The durability of infection‐induced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) immunity has crucial implications for reinfection and vaccine effectiveness. However, the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) severity and long‐term anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody level is poorly understood. Here, we measured the longevity of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific IgG antibodies in survivors who had recovered from COVID‐19 1 year previously. In a cohort of 473 survivors with varying disease severity (asymptomatic, mild, moderate, or severe), we observed a positive correlation between virus‐specific IgG antibody titers and COVID‐19 severity. In particular, the highest virus‐specific IgG antibody titers were observed in patients with severe COVID‐19. By contrast, 74.4% of recovered asymptomatic carriers had negative anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG test results, while many others had very low virus‐specific IgG antibody titers. Our results demonstrate that SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific IgG persistence and titer depend on COVID‐19 severity.

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As one of promising clean and low-emission energy, wind power is being rapidly developed in China. However, it faces serious problem of wind curtailment, particularly in northeast China, where combined heat and power (CHP) units cover a large proportion of the district heat supply. Due to the inherent strong coupling between the power and the heat load, the operational flexibility of CHP units is severely restricted in winter to meet the heat supply demand, which imparts considerable stress on the wind power connection to the grid. To promote the integration of wind power and enhance the flexibility of CHP units, this paper presented a method of heat and power load dispatching by exploring the energy storage ability of electric heating boilers and district heating systems. The optimization results indicate that the proposed method can integrate additional wind power into the grid and reduce the coal consumption of CHP units over the optimized period. Furthermore, the thermal inertia of a district heating system is found to contribute more to the reduction of coal consumption, whereas the electric heating boilers contribute to lower wind curtailment. Keywords Wind power integration, Combined heat and power, Electric heating boiler, Thermal inertia China's medium-and long-term renewable energy development plan [6], the total installed wind power capacity of China is planned to reach 200 GW in 2020.

The PVJ zone appears to be an important site for the generation of triggered activations. Interventions suggest that triggered activations originating in the J-cell depend on delayed repolarisations which trigger the activation of sodium and/or calcium channels.

Glomerulonephritis is the one of the major causes of the end‐stage kidney disease, whereas the pathological process of glomerulonephritis is still not completely understood. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) emerges to be a powerful tool to evaluate the full heterogeneity of kidney diseases. To reveal cellular gene expression profiles of glomerulonephritis, we performed scRNA‐seq of 2 human kidney transplantation donor samples, 4 human glomerulonephritis samples, 1 human malignant hypertension (MH) sample and 1 human chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN) sample, all tissues were taken from the biopsy. After filtering the cells with < 200 genes and > 10% mitochondria (MT) genes, the resulting 14 932 cells can be divided into 20 cell clusters, consistently with the previous report, in disease samples dramatic immune cells infiltration was found, among which a proximal tubule (PT) subset characterized by wnt‐β catenin activation and a natural killer T (NKT) subset high expressing LTB were found. Furthermore, in the cluster of the podocyte, three glomerulonephritis related genes named FXYD5, CD74 and B2M were found. Compared with the mesangial of donor, the gene CLIC1 and RPS26 were up‐regulated in mesangial of IgA nephropathy(IgAN), whereas the gene JUNB was up‐regulated in podocyte of IgAN in comparison with that of donor. Meanwhile, some membranous nephropathy (MN) high expressed genes such as HLA‐DRB5, HLA‐DQA2, IFNG, CCL2 and NR4A2, which involve in highest enrichment pathway, display the cellular‐specific expression style, whereas monocyte marker of lupus nephritis (LN) named TNFSF13B was also found and interferon alpha/beta signalling pathway was enriched in B and NKT of LN comparing with donor. By scRNA‐seq, we first defined the podocyte markers of glomerulonephritis and specific markers in IgA, MN and LN were found at cellular level. Furthermore, the critical role of interferon alpha/beta signalling pathway was enriched in B and NKT of LN was declared.