The relationship between land cover patterns and surface temperature was examined using random forest as well as simple linear regression for two urban sites in Denver, Colorado, USA. Among four land cover types of buildings, trees, grass, and roads and parking lots, only trees and roads and parking lots show significant spatial metrics affecting surface temperature using both the methods. For trees, total class area seems the most important factor affecting surface temperature (R 2 = 0.47; percentage of increased mean standard error when mean patch area is excluded %IncMSE = 5.35 for Site B in July), followed by aggregation metrics measuring physical connectedness (R 2 for patch cohesion index = 0.42) and patch isolation (%IncMSE for mean Euclidean nearest neighbor distance = 6.01 for Site A in July). For roads and parking lots, the existence of dominantly large patches is the most important factor (R 2 for range in patch area = 0.40, for largest patch index = 0.40, for Site B in July), followed by total class area (R 2 = 0.39 for Site B in July). Despite some limitations, the findings of this study provide useful information for alleviating urban heat stress especially during summer and reducing adverse impacts of urban drought.
A red-pink, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain DK6-37 was isolated from the permafrost region of Qilian Mountains in northwest of China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that this isolate represents a novel member of the genus Hymenobacter, with low sequence similarities (<97 %) to recognized Hymenobacter species. Optimum growth was observed at 28 °C, pH 7.0 and 0 % NaCl. The strain was found to contain MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolanmine, two unknown aminophospholipids, one unknown aminolipid and three unknown polar lipids. The major fatty acids were identified as summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c as defined by MIDI), summed feature 4 (anteiso-C17:1 B/iso-C17:1 I), C16:1 ω5c, iso-C17:0 3-OH, iso-C15:0 and C18:0. The DNA G + C content was determined to be 67.4 mol %. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence presented, it is proposed that strain DK6-37 represents a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter qilianensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DK6-37(T) (= CGMCC 1.12720(T) = JCM 19763(T)).
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