Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children and mediates substantial morbidity and mortality in the elderly and immunocompromised globally. The development of a safe and effective RSV vaccine and an optimized neutralizing antibody (NAb) with strong virusneutralizing activity is appealing. To gain some detailed knowledge of the humoral immune response to RSV subgroup A (RSV-A) and RSV-B, we investigated the seroprevalence of pre-existing NAbs by using the microneutralization assay in healthy adult from Guangzhou, southern China. We found that the overall seropositive rate was 84.86% for anti-RSV NAbs. Furthermore, the seropositive rates were 68.47% and 73.61% for anti-RSV-A NAbs and anti-RSV-B NAbs, respectively. In addition, although the seropositive rates and NAb levels were not associated with the blood type, type AB individuals displayed higher seropositive rates for anti-RSV-A NAbs with high titer (≥ 288) and anti-RSV-B NAbs, especially those with moderate titer (≥ 72 to < 288). The seropositive rates and titers were comparable between anti-RSV-A NAbs and anti-RSV-B NAbs in the AB blood type group. Interestingly, only when the NAb titer of the serum to RSV-A was not less than 288, was it not less than 18 to RSV-B, and vice versa. These results would be helpful for a better understanding of the human serum NAb responses to RSV-A and RSV-B.
Human adenovirus (HAdV) type 40 in species F (HAdV-F40) and HAdV-F41 represent the third most prevalent causative agents of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children, following norovirus and rotavirus. Despite their significant contribution to global child morbidity, vaccines to preemptively combat these viruses remain elusive. In this study, we scrutinize the potential for cross-neutralization between HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41 using the knob protein of the fiber-2 protein immunized sera. To this end, we immunized female BALB/c mice with synthetically produced knob proteins of the fiber-2 protein from HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41. Subsequently, we implemented a series of assays to evaluate the results, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent, micro-neutralization, immunofluorescence, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found that HAdV-F40-knob and HAdV-F41-knob immunized sera could effectively neutralize HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41, indicating a mutual cross-neutralizing effect. Notably, the serum immunized with HAdV-F40-knob demonstrated a stronger neutralization effect, suggesting the potential to develop a subunit vaccine that can simultaneously counteract both viruses. Our findings underscore the potential of knob protein immunization in evoking a cross-neutralizing antibody response between HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41. This suggests a promising avenue for developing subunit vaccines against HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41 and provides a novel perspective on the potential of neutralizing antibodies to protect against these two types of HAdV.
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