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PDMPO selectively labels acidic organelles (such as lysosomes) of live cells and the two distinct emission peaks can be used to monitor the pH fluctuations of live cells in ratio measurements. Additionally, the very large Stokes shift and excellent photostability of PDMPO make the compound an ideal fluorescent acidotropic probe. The unique fluorescence properties of PDMPO might give researchers a new tool with which to study acidic organelles of live cells.

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Abstract-Hypocrellins and hypericins, structurally related plant pigments isolated from Ilypocrella bambuase and Hypericum respectively, are known photodynamic agents. This review summarizes certain significant advances in the photophysics, photochemistry and photobiology of these pigments in the last 2 years and discusses their prospects as novel therapeutic and diagnostic agents in the future. Recently, certain unique properties of hypocrellins and hypericins have been explored for a variety of therapeutic and diagnostic applications. In particular, substantial progress has been made in both anticancer and antiviral applications (especially anti-human immunodeficiency virus). The promising anticancer and antiviral results obtained both in vitro and in vivo have led to intensive investigation into their photophysical and photochemical processes, especially kinetic studies of their intramolecular proton transfer.

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Abstract— 2,5‐Diphenyloxazoles that embody a dimethylamino group at position 4 of the 5‐phenyl ring and a sulfonyl group at position 4 of the 2‐phenyl ring were prepared as new fluorescent solvatochromic dyes. In these molecules, there is a “push‐pull” electron transfer system from the 5‐phenyl moiety to the 2‐phenyl ring. These compounds show strong solvent‐dependent fluorescence that is well correlated with the empirical solvent polarity parameter ET (30). The solvent polarity dependence suggests that the fluorescence arises from an intramolecular charge transfer. The fluorescence‐environment dependence, long emission wavelength, large extinction coefficients, high fluorescence quantum yields and large Stokes shift of the fluorophores can be used to develop ultrasensitive fluorescent molecular probes to study a variety of biological events and processes.

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