Nitrogen-potassium synergistic and antagonistic interactions are the typical case of nutrient interactions. However, the underlying mechanism for the integration of the external N form into K + homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we show that opposite effects of NO 3À and NH 4 + on root-shoot K + translocation were due to differential regulation of an ethylene signalling pathway targeting the NRT1.5 transporter. NH 4 + upregulated the transcriptional activity of EIN3, but repressed the expression of NRT1.5. However, the addition of NO 3 À strongly suppressed the activity of EIN3, whereas its addition upregulated the expression of AtNRT1.5 and shoot K + concentration. The 35S:EIN3/ein3eil1 plants, nrt1.5 mutants and nrt1.5/skor double mutants displayed a low K + chlorosis phenotype, especially under NH 4 + conditions with low K + supply. Ion content analyses indicate that root-to-shoot K + translocation was significantly reduced in these mutants. A Y1H assay, an EMSA and a transient expression assay confirmed that AtEIN3 protein could directly bind to the promoter of NRT1.5 to repress its expression. Furthermore, grafted plants with the roots of 35S:EIN3 and ein3eil1/nrt1.5 mutants displayed marked leaf chlorosis with a low K + concentration. Collectively, our findings reveal that the interaction between N form and K + was achieved by modulating root-derived ethylene signals to regulate root-toshoot K + translocation via NRT1.5.
This work is concerned with the finite-time consensus of leader-following non-linear multiagent systems by means of distributed event-triggered impulsive control. The finite-time consensus protocol is first put forward based on event-triggered impulsive strategies, where the impulsive instants are determined by the proposed event-triggered condition. For the event-triggered condition, it not only determines the impulsive instants but also effects the update time of the finite-time control. Moreover, compared with the existing finite-time controllers, the controller designed in this work does not contain any sign function, thereby overcoming the chattering phenomenon. In addition, without finding Zeno behaviour, the feasibility of the proposed control protocol is demonstrated. Lastly, simulations are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes. How to cite this article: Chen T, Peng S, Zhang Z. Finite-time consensus of leader-following non-linear multi-agent systems via event-triggered impulsive control.
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