Carbon quantum dots (C QDs)/ZnO nanoflowers composites were prepared via a simple technical route through which ZnO nanoflowers were prepared by electrospinning-hydrothermal synthesis and dispersed in C QDs solution, then dried at 80°C. The results indicated that ZnO nanoflowers were well combined with C QDs. The visible light photocatalytic activity of C QDs/ZnO nanoflowers coposite was investigated by degradation of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation, and it is demonstrated that the photocatalytic performance of this composites was significantly enhanced compared with that of pure ZnO nanoflowers. Furthermore, the unique upconverted photoluminescence behaviour of the carbon dots and the novel 3-D structure of the ZnO were considered as the main reasons of this enhancement.
Developing efficient strategy to regulate heat conduction is a challenging problem, with potential implication in the field of thermal materials. We here focus on a potential thermal material, i.e. complex networks of nanowires and nanotubes, and propose a model where the mass of each node is assigned proportional to its degree with $$m_i\sim k_i^{\alpha }$$
m
i
∼
k
i
α
, to investigate how distributed nodes masses can impact the heat flow in a network. We find that the heat conduction of complex network can be either increased or decreased, depending on the controlling parameter $$\alpha$$
α
. Especially, there is an optimal heat conduction at $$\alpha =1$$
α
=
1
and it is independent of network topologies. Moreover, we find that the temperature distribution within a complex network is also strongly influenced by the controlling parameter $$\alpha$$
α
. A brief theoretical analysis is provided to explain these results. These findings may open up appealing applications in the cases of demanding either increasing or decreasing heat conduction, and our approach of regulating heat conduction by distributed nodes masses may be also valuable to the challenge of controlling waste heat dissipation in highly integrated and miniaturized modern devices.
A gauge fixing condition is presented here for non-Abelian gauge theory on the manifold R ⊗ S 1 ⊗ S 1 ⊗ S 1 . It is proved that the new gauge fixing condition is continuous and free from the Gribov ambiguity. While perturbative calculations based on the new gauge condition behave like those based on the axial gauge in ultraviolet region, infrared behaviours of the perturbative series under the new gauge fixing condition are quite nontrivial. The new gauge condition, which reads n · ∂n · A = 0, may not satisfy the boundary condition A µ (∞) = 0 as required by conventional perturbative calculations for gauge theories on the manifold S 4 . However, such contradiction is not harmful for the theory considered here.
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