Background/Aims: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in tumor metastasis. The aim of this study was to determine the regulation and function of miR-30a in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) metastasis. Methods: The expression of miR-30a was detected in CRC cell lines and samples by qRT-PCR. The anti-metastatic effect of miR-30a was determined by both in vitro and in vivo assays. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine target association between miR-30a and phosphoinositide 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta (PIK3CD). Results: miR-30a was significantly downregulated in highly metastatic CRC cell lines and metastatic tissues. Overexpression of miR-30a suppressed CRC cell migration and invasion in vitro and liver metastasis in vivo, whereas miR-30a deletion dramatically promoted cell migration and invasion. Further studies revealed that PIK3CD is a direct target of miR-30a as miR-30a bounds directly to the 3'-UTR of PIK3CD, subsequently reducing its expression. Similar to the restoring miR-30a expression, PIK3CD downregulation inhibited cell migration and invasion, whereas PIK3CD overexpression rescued the suppressive effect of miR-30a. Moreover, significant downregulation of miR-30a in metastatic CRC tissues was found to be inversely correlated with PIK3CD expression. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-30a down-regulated the expression of key components of the Akt/mTOR pathway, whereas PIK3CD overexpression reversed this negative effect. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that miR-30a might function as a metastasis suppressor in CRC. miR-30a may be a potential therapeutic target to block CRC metastasis.
BackgroundA generally acceptable definition and a severity grading system for anastomotic leakages (ALs) following rectal resection were not available until 2010, when the International Study Group of Rectal Cancer (ISGRC) proposed a definition and a grading system for AL.MethodsA search for published data was performed using the MEDLINE database (2000 to December 5, 2012) to perform a systematic review of the studies that described AL, grade AL according to the grading system, pool data, and determine the average rate of AL for each grade after anterior resection (AR) for rectal cancer.ResultsA total of 930 abstracts were retrieved; 40 articles on AR, 25 articles on low AR (LAR), and 5 articles on ultralow AR (ULAR) were included in the review and analysis. The pooled overall AL rate of AR was 8.58% (2,085/24,288); the rate of the asymptomatic leakage (Grade A) was 2.57%, that of AL that required active intervention without relaparotomy (Grade B) was 2.37%, and that of AL that required relaparotomy (Grade C) was 5.40%. The pooled rate of AL that required relaparotomy was higher in AR (5.40%) than in LAR (4.70%) and in ULAR (1.81%), which could be attributed to the higher rate of protective defunctioning stoma in LAR (40.72%) and ULAR (63.44%) compared with that in AR (30.11%).ConclusionsThe new grading system is simple that the ALs of each grade can be easily extracted from past publications, therefore likely to be accepted and applied in future studies.
Anastomotic dehiscence (AD) requiring reoperation is the most severe complication following anterior rectal resection. We performed a systematic review on studies that describe AD requiring reoperation and its subsequent mortality after anterior resection for rectal carcinoma. A systematic search was performed on published literature. Data on the definition and rate of AD, the number of ADs requiring reoperation, the mortality caused by AD, and the overall postoperative mortality were pooled and analyzed. A total of 39 studies with 24,232 patients were analyzed. The studies varied in incidence and definition of AD. Systematic review of the data showed that the overall rate of AD was 8.6%, and the rate of AD requiring reoperation was 5.4%. The postoperative mortality caused by AD was 0.4%, and the overall postoperative mortality was 1.3%. We found considerable risk and mortality for AD requiring reoperation, which largely contributed to the overall postoperative mortality.
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