A novel electromagnetic active suspension with an energy-regenerative structure is proposed to solve the suspension’s control consumption problem. For this new system, a 2-DOF quarter-car model is built, and dynamics performances are studied using the variable universe fuzzy theory and the PD control approach. A self-powered efficiency concept is defined to describe the regenerative structure’s contribution to the whole control consumption, and its influent factors are also discussed. Simulations are carried out using software Matlab/Simulink, and experiments are conducted on the B-class road. The results demonstrate that the variable universe fuzzy control can recycle more than 18 percent vibration energy and provide over 11 percent power for the control demand. Furthermore, the new suspension system offers a smaller body acceleration and decreases dynamic tire deflection compared to the passive ones, so as to improve both the ride comfort and the safety.
In recent years, wind power systems have been used extensively, which not only improve the efficiency of current conventional power generation systems, but also can save traditional fossil fuel resources. However, considering the instability of wind power, after being grid connected, it can easily cause an impact on the stability of the grid operation. Considering the above problems, this paper considers to make full use of the energy storage part of electric vehicles (EVs) to increase the stability of grid operation. Based on the mathematical model, this paper studies the load frequency control (LFC) problem of a multi-region interconnected power system with wind power and EVs. First, since the system states are difficult to be monitored, a state observer is designed to estimate the state. Based on this, the integral sliding mode controller (SMC) is designed to realize the LFC of the interconnected power system. Meanwhile, to obtain better control performance, this paper further analyzes and optimizes the controller parameters based on Lyapunov stability theory. At last, simulations are carried out for the power systems with two regions in Simulink. The results show that the designed controllers are effective to compensate the load demand disturbances. In addition, it is demonstrated that the battery storage of EVs can play the role of peak-shaving and valley-filling in LFC.
In this paper, the load frequency control problem of multi-area interconnected power systems containing PV and energy storage system is considered. First, based on the traditional load frequency control model, the model of photovoltaic and energy storage system is established. Then, when the upper and lower bounds of disturbances are known, a fast terminal sliding mode controller is designed, which compensates the influence of disturbances effectively. Further, by introducing an adaptive law to estimate the bound of the unknown disturbances, an adaptive fast terminal sliding mode controller is designed, which reduces the dependence on the disturbance boundary. By designing the controller, the stability of the system is analyzed. Finally, simulations are performed with two area power systems to verify the effectiveness of the designed controller. The simulation results show that the adaptive fast terminal sliding mode controller can overcome the effects of disturbances. In addition, when the energy storage system and the controller participate in frequency regulation, the load frequency deviation fluctuation is further reduced, which enhances the performance of system.
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