Abstract. Whether a scientific paper is cited is related not only to the influence of its author(s) but also to the journal publishing it. Scientists, either proficient or tender, usually submit their most important work to prestigious journals which receives higher citations than the ordinary. How to model the role of scientific journals in citation dynamics is of great importance. In this paper we address this issue through two folds. One is the intrinsic heterogeneity of a paper determined by the impact factor of the journal publishing it. The other is the mechanism of a paper being cited which depends on its citations and prestige. We develop a model for citation networks via an intrinsic nodal weight function and an intuitive ageing mechanism. The node's weight is drawn from the distribution of impact factors of journals and the ageing transition is a function of the citation and the prestige. The node-degree distribution of resulting networks shows nonuniversal scaling: the distribution decays exponentially for small degree and has a power-law tail for large degree, hence the dual behaviour. The higher the impact factor of the journal, the larger the tipping point and the smaller the power exponent that are obtained. With the increase of the journal rank, this phenomenon will fade and evolve to pure power laws.
As integrated energy systems (IES) continue to undergo development and advancement, the degree of coupling between subsystems and their complexity are also on the rise, posing a challenge for the reliability assessment of such systems. The conventional method is unable to explain the interaction between subsystems as well as system-level phenomena. The complex network theory is needed to provide a deeper analysis. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic concept and analysis tools of complex network theory. Secondly, the topological network model and the identification indexes of weak links for the IES are summarized as the basis for reliability assessment. Then, the reliability assessment indexes and assessment methods are sorted out for the IES based on the complex network theory; and further, the measures to optimize the reliability of the IES are put forward. Finally, from the perspective of complex network theory, directions for future research on the reliability assessment of IES are suggested.
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