In order to put forward the Anti-scale measures of shaft in Shunan Gas Mine and guarantee the normal production of gas field,the composition as well as the water quality and scaling type for gas production water at the typical shaft mouth of Shunan Gas Mine are analyzed and the scaling mechanism of shaft and the influencing factors are described as well as the anti-scale agent and the solid anti-scale blocks pertaining to the scaling of shaft in Shunan Gas Mine are obtained.
The occurrence and distribution of major, trace and rare earth elements have been investigated in two coal-bearing units in the Qinshui Basin, northern China: the Carboniferous and Permian coals. The arithmetic means of concentrations for most elements in the Carboniferous and Permian coal samples, although in a relatively low level, is present in the range of the world concentrations. The coals in the Late Carboniferous Formation are enriched in Ca, Fe, Mg and Cd, while the coals in the Early Permian are enriched in P, Ti, Ba and Nb. There are no distinct differences of Al, Na, Be and other elements in these two strata. Five groups of the elements in the Carboniferous and seven groups of the elements in the Permian may be classified according to the mode of occurrence in coals. Major differences found between the Carboniferous and Permian coals are probably related to the different depositional setting, given that the Carboniferous coals were deposited on a tidal flat, and the Permian coals were accumulated in delta plain environment.
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