This study proposes that the foaming pre‐dispersion technology is combined with the gas‐phase‐assisted spray technology, and a foaming agent potassium oleate is introduced. The volume expansion power generated by the bubbles promotes the dispersion of the filler. The uniformity of foaming promotes the chemical bridging of potassium oleate between rubber and silica. Then, with a large velocity difference between the compressed air and the emulsion, the gas‐phase‐assisted spray gun refines the emulsion and breaks the filler aggregates. Next, the atomized droplets splash on the surface of the high‐temperature roller, and then deposit on it to achieve instant drying, which reduces the loss of non‐rubber components, thereby improving the preparation efficiency and comprehensive properties of masterbatch. The Payne effect of the composite prepared by the FGS technology is weaker. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile product of the vulcanizate prepared by the FGS technology with 7 phr PO have increased by 9%, 5%, and 15%, respectively, and the aging coefficient is 23% higher than that of the dry mixing.
Carbon black uses nonrenewable resources (e.g., petroleum and natural gas) as raw materials, which not only causes dust pollution, but also has poor wet traction and high-heat generation of rubber. Wollastonite is a polar filler, it requires surface modification to improve its hydrophobicity. In this paper, potassium oleate was introduced as an environment-friendly modifier to decrease the polarity of the wollastonite, and a series of properties of the rubber composites with modified wollastonite replacing different parts of carbon black were studied. The experimental results show that the interfacial contact angle of the modified wollastonite changes from 0 to 51 , resulting in a weaker polarity. When 10 phr POmodified wollastonite were used to replace 10 phr carbon black filled with natural rubber, the processing safety is better, the Payne effect is effectively weakened and the rolling resistance is reduced, the tensile product reached 15573.98, which was 12.95% higher than that of the composites filled with full carbon black, resulting in the best comprehensive properties. This study verified the feasibility of replacing part of carbon black with potassium oleate modified wollastonite to prepare "green tire," reduce the consumption of fossil energy, promote sustainable development, and provide reference for actual industrial production.
In this study, a VOC‐free animal glycerol potassium salt is introduced to replace the silane coupling agent, and the plasma is used to treat the modifier and silica. The impact of high‐energy electrons in the plasma increases the contact area between the modifier and silica. Combined with the atomization technology, the velocity difference realizes the microscopic dispersion of silica, the instantaneous thin‐layer drying reduces the oxidation of the rubber chains. XPS and SEM show that the plasma promotes the silanization reaction of silica. FTIR demonstrates that the existence of chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds between potassium oleate (PO) and silica, and there is a crosslinking between PO and sulfur. The PO/Si69‐silica/NR composites prepared by plasma‐atomization technology have better processing fluidity, mechanical properties and lower rolling resistance. The plasma‐atomization technology promotes the silanization reaction of silica, saves energy consumption and reduces dust pollution, meanwhile, the replacement of Si69 by PO reduces VOC emissions and the rolling resistance of the rubber, which provides an innovative idea for the development of green tires.
In this paper, an accelerant with vulcanization‐promoting and silanization‐promoting effects, 1,3‐diphenylguanidine (DPG), is loaded on green filler silica by high‐energy ball milling technology. Meanwhile, DPG breaks the ionization equilibrium of latex and realizes the self‐flocculation. The DPG‐induced self‐flocculation technology promotes the dispersion of silica and the silanization reaction, forming more complete filler‐rubber network and three‐dimensional crosslinking network. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis results show that the ball milling technology makes DPG strongly adsorbed on the surface of silica, and the loading rate is 14.4%. Compared with dry mixing, the ball milling‐self‐flocculation technology increase the silanization index, tensile strength and aging coefficient by 8%, 31%, and 19%, respectively. The curing rate is improved, and the rolling resistance is the lowest. This research provides a green flocculation technology of the raw materials in formula without other flocculants and acidic wastewater discharge, avoiding the serious dust pollution and high energy consumption in the dry mixing process, as well as the poor aging resistance of rubber in the acid flocculation process of latex.
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