Abstract:The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metallic nanomaterials, such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag), has been extensively exploited to improve the optical absorption, the charge carrier transport, and the ultimate device performances in organic photovoltaic cells (OPV). With the incorporation of diverse metallic nanostructures in active layers, buffer layers, electrodes, or between adjacent layers of OPVs, multiple plasmonic mechanisms may occur and need to be distinguished to better understand plasmonic enhancement. Steady-state photophysics is a powerful tool for unraveling the plasmonic nature and revealing plasmonic mechanisms such as the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), the propagating plasmon-polariton (SPP), and the plasmon-gap mode. Furthermore, the charge transfer dynamics in the organic semiconductor materials can be elucidated from the transient photophysical investigations. In this review article, the basics of the plasmonic mechanisms and the related metallic nanostructures are briefly introduced. We then outline the recent advances of the plasmonic applications in OPVs emphasizing the linkage between the photophysical properties, the nanometallic geometries, and the photovoltaic performance of the OPV devices.
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells
have shown effectiveness as off-grid
power entities to drive the low power consumption electronics among
the Internet of Things. The trap states and the induced recombination
in OPV cells are critically relevant to the photovoltaic performance
but remain ambiguous in OPV cells for indoor application. Here, we
investigate the trap effects on the indoor photovoltaic performance
by employing PBBD-T series donors and wide bandgap acceptor BTA3.
It is revealed that the discrete density of state in OPV cells introduces
low-lying trap states and further aggravates the trap-induced recombination.
Instead of the domination of bimolecular recombination under solar
radiation, trap-induced recombination prevails under indoor scenarios
because of the low level of carrier densities under indoor weak illuminations.
This work illustrates the details of charge carrier recombination
behavior in OPV cells for indoor application and points out the importance
of trap controlling in achieving high-performance indoor OPV cells.
The excellent performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on quasi-2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) holds promise for their commercialization. Further improvement in the performance of 2D PSCs requires...
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