Background Current observational studies suggest that there may be a causal relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and prostate cancer (PC). However, there is contradictory evidence. This study aimed to investigate and clarify the association between SLE and PC. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus until May 2022. A meta-analysis was conducted on the standard incidence rate (SIR) and 95% CI. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the follow-up duration, study quality, and appropriate SLE diagnosis. Mendelian randomization (MR) of the two samples was used to determine whether genetically elevated SLE was causal for PC. Summary MR data were obtained from published GWASs, which included 1,959,032 individuals. The results were subjected to sensitivity analysis to verify their reliability. Results In a meta-analysis of 79,316 participants from 14 trials, we discovered that patients with SLE had decreased PC risk (SIR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70–0.87) significantly. The MR results showed that a one-SD increase in genetic susceptibility to SLE significantly reduced PC risk (OR, 0.9829; 95% CI, 0.9715–0.9943; P = 0.003). Additional MR analyses suggested that the use of immunosuppressants (ISs) (OR, 1.1073; 95% CI, 1.0538–1.1634; P < 0.001), but not glucocorticoids (GCs) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which were associated with increased PC risk. The results of the sensitivity analyses were stable, and there was no evidence of directional pleiotropy. Conclusions Our results suggest that patients with SLE have a lower risk of developing PC. Additional MR analyses indicated that genetic susceptibility to the use of ISs, but not GCs or NSAIDs, was associated with increased PC risk. This finding enriches our understanding of the potential risk factors for PC in patients with SLE. Further study is required to reach more definitive conclusions regarding these mechanisms.
Abstract.Effective social responsibility training model is one of the important ways to realize the goal of high-quality talent education. Therefore, cultivation model of vocational students' social responsibility becomes a hot issue drawing attention from some experts and scholars. Based on investigations in colleges and enterprises in Beijing, the research team firstly sums up the definition of vocational students' social responsibility, and secondly concludes the cultivation model in six dimensions. The above research leads to framework description as so-called 6133 model of the training objectives, contents, methods and evaluation for students' improvement.
The entrepreneurship education implementation program in vocational colleges should create a cultural atmosphere conducive to innovation and personnel training based on campus culture, to establish an open course system of entrepreneurship education, to enrich the practice of entrepreneurship education system taking school-enterprise cooperation as a platform, and to build an entrepreneurship education counselor team with double quality relying on training. They plan instruction, select materials, and most powerfully affects what students learn. The paper presents the results of a quantitative survey aimed at identifying the attitudes of educators to innovations. The results suggest enhancing the teacher's core competence structure in the mode of teaching. The cross-over of Internet and other industries will be of enormous value to the development of innovative entrepreneurship education.
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