Severe COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is frequently accompanied by dysfunction of the lungs and extrapulmonary organs. However, the organotropism of SARS-CoV-2 and the port of virus entry for systemic dissemination remain largely unknown. We profiled 26 COVID-19 autopsy cases from four cohorts in Wuhan, China, and determined the systemic distribution of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the lungs and multiple extrapulmonary organs of critically ill COVID-19 patients up to 67 days after symptom onset. Based on organotropism and pathological features of the patients, COVID-19 was divided into viral intrapulmonary and systemic subtypes. In patients with systemic viral distribution, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in monocytes, macrophages, and vascular endothelia at blood–air barrier, blood–testis barrier, and filtration barrier. Critically ill patients with long disease duration showed decreased pulmonary cell proliferation, reduced viral RNA, and marked fibrosis in the lungs. Permanent SARS-CoV-2 presence and tissue injuries in the lungs and extrapulmonary organs suggest direct viral invasion as a mechanism of pathogenicity in critically ill patients. SARS-CoV-2 may hijack monocytes, macrophages, and vascular endothelia at physiological barriers as the ports of entry for systemic dissemination. Our study thus delineates systemic pathological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which sheds light on the development of novel COVID-19 treatment.

With XQuery becoming the standard language for querying XML, and the relational SQL platform being recognized as an important platform to store and process XML, the SQL/XML standard is integrating XML query capability into the SQL system by introducing new SQL functions and constructs such as XMLQuery() and XMLTable. This paper discusses the Oracle XMLDB XQuery architecture for supporting XQuery in the Oracle ORDBMS kernel which has the XQuery processing tightly integrated with the SQL/XML engine using native XQuery compilation, optimization and execution techniques.

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Big data management for information centralization (i.e. making data of interest findable) and integration (i.e. making related data connectable) in health research is a defining challenge in biomedical informatics. While essential to create a foundation for knowledge discovery, optimized solutions to deliver high-quality and easy-to-use information resources are not thoroughly explored. In this review, we identify the gaps between current data management approaches and the need for new capacity to manage big data generated in advanced health research. Focusing on these unmet needs and well-recognized problems, we introduce state-of-the-art concepts, approaches and technologies for data management from computing academia and industry to explore improvement solutions. We explain the potential and significance of these advances for biomedical informatics. In addition, we discuss specific issues that have a great impact on technical solutions for developing the next generation of digital products (tools and data) to facilitate the raw-data-to-knowledge process in health research.

Percussion, diuresis, and inversion therapy for the passage of lower pole kidney stones following shock wave lithotripsy.

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The current study investigated the time course of the other-race advantage (ORCA) in the subordinate classification of faces and isolated eyes by race. A significant ORCA was found on RTs to both full faces and isolated eyes and faces were classified faster and more accurate than eyes. The ERP data showed that for both stimuli the categorization processes follow basic level classification of physiognomic stimuli, which is not influenced by the stimulus race. The most conspicuous difference between own-race and other-race stimuli as well as between faces and isolated eyes was found in the modulation of the P3 component. The overall pattern of these modulations suggests that the classification of own-race faces is delayed. Since the amplitude of the P3 is sensitive primarily to the perceptual demands of a task, these data suggest that the delay of the own-race classification is caused by an own-race specific process that precedes or interferes with the subordinate classification.