To investigate the association between chromosome 8p11 (CHRNB3-CHRNA6) polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility in Chinese Han population, we genotyped 6 tag SNPs variants of this region among 784 patients with lung cancer and 782 age- and sex-matched cancer-free control participants to screen for any risk-associated SNPs. The results revealed that rs16891561 TT genotype had a protective effect against lung cancer in people over 60 years old (adjusted OR=0.42, 95% CI=0.20-0.88; P=0.022), female groups (adjusted OR=0.34, 95% CI=0.13-0.87; P=0.025), and non-smoking people (adjusted OR=0.32, 95% CI=0.13-079; P=0.013). Additionally, rs4236926 TT genotype had a protective effect against lung cancer in people over 60 years old (adjusted OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.23-0.99; P=0.048) and non-smoking people (adjusted OR=0.32, 95% CI=0.13-0.80; P=0.014). According to pathological type of lung cancer, these two SNPs were associated with adenocarcinomas susceptibility. As to cumulative effect of rs4236926 and rs16891561, in non-smokers strata, lung cancer risk was significantly reduced in those who had 3-4 mutant alleles (adjusted OR=0.29, 95% CI=0.11-0.71; P=0.007). Furthermore, people containing 3-4 mutant alleles had lower level of smoking doses (mean pack-year=13.2) compared with others. In conclusion, 8p11 (CHRNB3-CHRNA6) polymorphisms are related to smoking behavior and lung cancer susceptibility in Chinese Han population.
Evaporation is the most significant process that affects the isotopic transport of surface water. The study of mechanisms and modeling of the evaporation process has a very important practical significance in improving the isotopic analysis method. This paper reviews the international development of the mechanism of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopic fractionation and model. It indicates that as the most ideal tracers of hydrologic cycle, stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes have their unique and irreplaceable functions. However, field experiments of evaporation and further research are limited by the complexities of kinetic flow in the atmosphere and observation technique. Modeling and experiments are commonly based on the assumption that evaporating water is well-mixed, and isotopic stratification in liquid is not considered by most laboratories. While it dose affect. Flow disturbance in the atmosphere is the most uncertain factor for isotopic fractionation in the process of evaporation. The modeling example shows isotopic evaporation line of natural water can be simulated properly while detailed simulations are limited by the lake of observational data of isotopic diffusion processes in both air phase and liquid phase.
The δD-δ18O line features of water bodies are very important properties of isotopic characteristics. The slope of the line is controlled by the environmental condition of the area. The hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopic transport of lake water in Qaidam Basin is mainly effect by temperature and relative humidity. Lake water samples show two groups due to heterogeneous distribution of lake water. Group 1 is depleted samples which indicate originated lake water that did not suffer the evaporation processes. Group 2 is highly enriched in isotopic compositions due to evaporation. The regression line of lake water in Qaidam Basin is δD = 3.13δ18O - 21.61. The slope of theoretical evaporation line has positive relationship with relative humidity and has negative relationship with temperature. The effects analyses of temperature and h on the slop of evaporation line show the residual ratio f of Group 2 lake water samples are between 0.5-0.7. If Group 1 samples represent the initial isotopic composition of lake waters, the above results indicates that the most evaporated lake water (the Group 2) having lost 30%-50% of their initial volume.
Based on the method of investigating natural vegetation and exposing groundwater table by sinking shallow wells with hand drill, the relations between total coverage of vegetation community, respective coverage of each species and species succession and groundwater depth are established in Subei Lake of Ordos plateau. The results indicate that there is significant correlation between total coverage of vegetation community and groundwater depth within 1.6m. The respective coverage of some wetland species has different peak values. It indicates that these species have certain ecological groundwater depth. The relation between species succession and groundwater depth shows that wet and saline vegetation are predominant when groundwater depth is less than 0.6m. xerophyte and sandy vegetation are predominant when groundwater depth is above 3.2m. In addition, 1.6m is the critical groundwater depth of vegetation ecotone. This region has the largest number of vegetation species.
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