By using three-dimensional (3D) tubular molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as both an active material in electrochemical reaction and a framework to provide more paths for insertion and extraction of ions, PANI nanowire arrays with a diameter of 10-20 nm can be controllably grown on both the external and internal surface of 3D tubular MoS2 by in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline monomers and 3D tubular MoS2/PANI hybrid materials with different amounts of PANI are prepared. A controllable growth of PANI nanowire arrays on the tubular MoS2 surface provides an opportunity to optimize the capacitive performance of the obtained electrodes. When the loading amount of PANI is 60%, the obtained MoS2/PANI-60 hybrid electrode not only shows a high specific capacitance of 552 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, but also gives excellent rate capability of 82% from 0.5 to 30 A/g. The remarkable rate performance can be mainly attributed to the architecture with synergistic effect between 3D tubular MoS2 and PANI nanowire arrays. Moreover, the MoS2/PANI-60 based symmetric supercapacitor also exhibits the excellent rate performance and good cycling stability. The specific capacitance based on the total mass of the two electrodes is 124 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g and 79% of its initial capacitance is remained after 6000 cycles. The 3D tubular structure provides a good and favorable method for improving the capacitance retention of PANI electrode.

Organometallic halide perovskite has attracted extensive interest by virtue of its stunning defect tolerance, small excitonbinding energy, [1] high absorption coefficient, [2] extremely low trap-state density, [3] and long carrier diffusion length. [4] In just a few years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of lab-scale perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has swiftly skyrocketed from 3.8% to 25.2%, [5] outperforming all other thin film solar cells. Nevertheless, for the highest efficiency devices, all functional layers except the evaporated metal electrodes were fabricated by a non-scalable spin coating process. Thus, fabricating large-area high-efficiency PSCs remains challenging, and it is therefore imperative to develop continuous, large-area deposition processes for potential scalable production. To address this issue, quite a few potentially scalable techniques, such as spray deposition, [6] inkjet printing, [7] brush-painting deposition, [8] blade coating, [9] and slot-die coating [10] have been exploited in support of producing PSCs via low-temperature solution processes. Among them, slot-die coating is the most competitive because of its ability to precisely control largearea uniformity at the desired thinness of ≈500 nm with welldefined edges as required by module design. Additionally, high material utilization is another aspect of its attractiveness. In 2015, Hwang et al. ventured to deposit PbI 2 films via slot-die coating and then convert them to perovskites through methylammonium iodide solution immersion. [11] Kim et al. further optimized this method by inhibiting PbI 2 crystallization and increased the PCE to 18.3%. [12] This deposition/ conversion strategy can indeed increase the controllability of slot-die coating and decrease the operational difficulty. However, it suffers from incomplete material conversion and a high percentage of soaking solution wastage, which are incompatible with practical large-scale fabrication. Therefore, attention has increasingly turned to the one-step slot-die coating technique, [13] but it usually produces a rough perovskite layer with poor surface coverage because its demand for fast evaporation of solvent is not always assured as in the spin-coating process. To compensate for this drawback, substrate heating, anti-solvent engineering, and gas treatment were established Slot-die coating holds advantages over other large-scale technologies thanks to its potential for well-controlled, high-throughput, continuous roll-to-roll fabrication. Unfortunately, it is challenging to control thin.film uniformity over a large area while maintaining crystallization quality. Herein, by using a high-pressure nitrogen-extraction (HPNE) strategy to assist crystallization, a wide processing window in the well-controlled printing process for preparing high-quality perovskites is achieved. The yellow-phase perovskite generated by the HPNE acts as a crucial intermediate phase to produce large-area high-quality perovskite film. Furthermore, an ionic liquid is developed to passivate the perov...

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Research on the addition of suitable materials into perovskite film for improved quality is important to fabricate efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. An attempt to enhance the quality of perovskite is performed by incorporation of a bifunctional hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HaHc) into pristine perovskite solution. On the one hand, the chloride ion in HaHc changes the crystallization kinetic and defect state of the perovskite film and a high-quality perovskite film with larger grain size and lower defect density is obtained. Perovskite solar cell (PSC) with HaHc additive exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.69% with less hysteresis, which is obviously higher than that of pristine cells (16.85%). On the other hand, the hydroxyl group in HaHc can form a strong hydrogen bond with iodide ion in perovskite film to impede the decomposition of the film when under thermal annealing or storing in air. As a result, the PSCs with HaHc additive show superior thermal and air stability to the pristine devices. These results indicate that the addition of HaHc in perovskite film can greatly improve the performance of PSCs as well as their thermal and air stability.

Objective: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer types in China. Recent genomic sequencing analysis indicated the over-activation of Hippo/YAP signaling might play important roles for the carcinogenic process and progression for ESCC patients. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that controls Hippo signaling activity in ESCC. Our previous studies indicated that PLCE1-an important risk factor for ESCC-linked to ESCC progression through snail signaling, during this period, we found PARK2 was an important downstream target of PLCE1-snail axis. PARK2 was decreased in ESCC human samples, and correlated with good prognosis in ESCC patients. Further research showed that PARK2 could inhibit YAP, which functions as key downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway. Here, we aim to reveal the molecular mechanisms of PARK2 modulated Hippo pathway in ESCC. Methods: To evaluate the function of PARK2 in ESCC, we used a tissue microarray (TMA) of 223 human ESCC patients and immunohistochemistry to analyze the correlation between PARK2 expression and clinicopathologic variables. Depletion of endogenous PARK2 and YAP from ESCC cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technologies. Flow cytometry and EdU cell proliferation assay were used to detect proliferation of ESCC cells. Nude mice subcutaneous injection and Ki-67 staining were used to evaluate tumor growth in vivo . Migration and invasion assays were performed. In addition, lung metastasis models in mice were used to validate the function of PARK2 in vivo . Identification of PARK2 involved in hippo pathway was achieved by expression microarray screening, double immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation assays. The RNA-seq analysis results were validated through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. The protein half-life of YAP was analyzed by Cycloheximide assay, and the TEAD activity was detected by Luciferase reporter assays. Results: Clinical sample of ESCC revealed that low PARK2 expression correlated with late tumor stage (P < 0.001), poor differentiation (P < 0.04), lymph node (P < 0.001) and distant metastasis (P = 0.0087). Multivariate Cox proportional regression analysis further revealed that PARK2 expression (P = 0.032) is an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival of ESCC patients. Besides, the immunohistochemistry results showed that PARK2 negatively correlated with YAP protein level (P < 0.001). PARK2 depletion promotes ESCC progression both through Hippo/YAP axis, while PARK2 overexpression suppresses ESCC tumor progression by Hippo signaling. Co-IP and ubiquitination assays revealed that PARK2 could interact with YAP in the cytosol and promotes YAP K48-linked ubiquitination at K90 sites. Conclusion: Clinical sample analysis and mechanistic study have validated PARK2 as a tumor suppressor for ESCC. Multivariate Cox propo...

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Electrochemical nitrite (NO2–) reduction reaction (NO2RR) is not only a promising strategy to degrade harmful NO2– contaminant in the environment but an attractive alternative to the Haber-Bosch process for sustainable...

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