Nitrogen oxides (mainly NO) are one of the major air pollutants that lead to a number of environmental problems such as photochemical smog, acid rain and haze.

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Recent advances in the catalytic decomposition of NO have been overviewed and divided into three categories: metal oxide catalysts (including perovskites and rare earth oxides), supported metal oxide catalysts (including alkali metals, cobalt oxide and noble metals) and Cu-ZSM-5.

The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of diode laser enucleation of the prostate (DiLEP) with plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (PKEP) for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with large prostate (volume > 80 ml). From January 2013 to June 2014, 80 consecutive patients were randomized treated with DiLEP (n = 40) or PKEP (n = 40). Perioperative and postoperative outcome data were assessed during a 1-year follow-up. There were no significant preoperative differences between the two surgical groups. The mean prostate volumes in the DiLEP and PKEP groups were 98.6 and 93.3 ml, respectively. DiLEP was equivalent to PKEP in improvement in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life scores, and maximum flow rate. Compared with PKEP, patients treated with DiLEP showed a lower risk of blood loss (P < 0.01), shorter bladder irrigation and catheterization times (P < 0.01), as well as shorter hospital stays (P < 0.01). Moreover, the DiLEP group was significantly superior to bipolar plasmakinetic group in the irritative symptoms. However, the operation time of the DiLEP group was longer than that of PKEP group (P = 0.02). Both DiLEP and PKEP are safe and effective methods for the treatment of BPH in large prostates (volume > 80 ml). Compared with PKEP, DiLEP provides a decreased risk of hemorrhage, reduced bladder irrigation, and catheterization times, as well as shorter hospital stays.

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A series of dealuminated mordenite (MOR) samples with different acidities and various porosities were prepared through steam treatment of H + /Na + mordenite. The obtained zeolites were elaborately characterized by X-ray diffraction, N 2 adsorption−desorption, scanning electron microscopy, 29 Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 27 Al NMR, NH 3 temperature-programmed desorption, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the catalytic performance for dimethyl ether (DME) carbonylation was investigated. The characterization results revealed that the kind of cation balancing the zeolite charge had a great effect on the crystalline structure and acidity of mordenite zeolite during steam treatment and ion-exchange processes. Dealumination was observed both on Na-MOR and H-MOR, but it was much milder on the Na-MOR zeolite comparatively. After Na-MOR was treated with steam, its structure was wellpreserved, but side pockets of mordenite were opened, resulting in an increased microporous volume and strong acid sites. Interestingly, it was found that the removal of framework Al in the 12MR channel was favored over the 8MR channel during steaming of Na-MOR, leading to the mordenite to possess more acid sites in the 8MR channel compared with those in the 12MR channel. As for the steamed H-MOR, both the crystalline structure and porosity were obviously damaged, resulting in a decreased microporous volume and acidity. The influence was more significant in the 8MR channel of H-MOR due to the obvious removal of framework Al and blockage of side pockets. The performance tests revealed that Na-MOR treated with steam was an effective way to enhance the catalytic performance for DME carbonylation reaction. The N-773 catalyst (steamed with Na-MOR at 773 K) showed a methyl acetate product rate of 0.33 gg −1 h −1 , which was much higher than that of the parent H-MOR (0.23 gg −1 h −1 ). Moreover, the dealuminated catalyst exhibited a slow deactivation rate, which was possibly ascribed to the reduced strong acid sites in the 12MR channels. Although the steam treatment of H-MOR resulted in a lower activity in the DME carbonylation reaction, it exhibited a higher MeOAc selectivity and improved stability for its overall decreased acidity.