The interaction properties of the seeds have to be calibrated to simulate the realistic behavior of the seed bulk. Here, a simple and accurate calibration method of DEM interaction properties of seeds with adequate equipment to simulate each seed’s behavior remains a challenge. In this research, the rotary drum is chosen as simple equipment to calibrate particle–particle and particle–material interaction properties, as there is a lack of research on whether the rotary drum is adequate equipment to calibrate particle–material interaction properties. Therefore, this article calibrates particle–particle and particle–material static and rolling interaction coefficients using a rotary drum. The calibration of particle–material static and rolling friction coefficients are described using the rotating drum with a 45 degrees inclination. The particle–particle static and rolling friction coefficients were calibrated according to the angle of repose when the rotary drum is vertical.
The application method of granular fertilizers and wheat seeds depends on the colter design and parameters. In this research, a new double disc colter is studied to apply the wheat seeds to the horizontal band 12 cm in width and apply granular fertilizers deeper 2 cm than the wheat seed level precisely to the middle of the band. Applying granular fertilizers and wheat seeds at different levels increases the granular fertilizer dose without harm to the wheat seeds. Furthermore, applying high doses of wheat seeds to the horizontal band decreases the competition between the seeds and suppresses the weeds. Therefore, preparing a plain seedbed after applying the fertilizers and distributing wheat seeds to the horizontal band was the research objective. The comparison experiments of the base and designed double disc colters were provided in the soil bin determining the horizontal and vertical forces and the placement of the fertilizers and seeds. The discrete element method (DEM) was used to track the soil particle behavior interacting with the double-disc colter. The simulation results and actual experiment results were satisfactory when the AB length of the wing orifice was 60 mm.
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