The advantages of a quantitative assessment of the spatial and temporal variability of the boundaries and volumes of ravines using modern means and methods of aerial photography from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are substantiated, in contrast to traditional survey methods (linear method of benchmarks, tacheometric, aerial and space photography, laser scanning). The erosion zoning and mapping of linear and gully formations on the territory of the Kuitunka, Tarbagataika, and Kunaleika river basins (Selenga middle mountains) are carried out. The reanalysis data were used to assess extreme meteorological events leading to the acceleration of erosion processes. Paleontological material confirms the long duration of erosive-accumulative processes in the Nizhnyaya Bulanka depression. High-accuracy multi-temporal orthophotomaps and digital elevation models of Bulanka gully using unmanned aerial vehicles were produced. The method of quantitative estimation of gully formation rates is offered, which allows estimating with high accuracy the change of area and volume characteristics of erosive forms.
For the first time, the syntaxonomic diversity of steppe vegetation along the Baikal-Gobi transect was determined, represented by 49 associations belonging to 23 formations, 5 florocoenotypes, and 3 ecological-historical series. The classification construction according to the ecological-phytocoenotic dominant-determinant principle was based on data collected during field research and processed using traditional geobotanical methods: route reconnaissance studies, geobotanical descriptions, cluster and gradient analysis. Units of this approach give an idea of the current state of communities at a certain stage of succession, and syntaxa reflect the ecological features of vegetation inherent in the territory. This approach has an applied value, expressed, in particular, in mapping – the volume of the main syntaxa is smaller compared to the ecological-floristic approach, which makes it possible for a more meaningful analysis in large-scale mapping.
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