Alloying 3d transition metals with Pt has been discovered as an effective strategy to boost the catalytic activity in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which, however, often raises the insufficient catalyst durability issue due to rapid leaching of the 3d metal elements. To overcome this issue and realize enhancements in both the activity and the durability properties, here we report a new catalytic structure based on PtGa ultrathin alloy nanowires (NWs), which feature an unconventional strong p−d hybridization interaction. Relative to commercial Pt catalyst, the optimum Pt 4.31 Ga NWs catalyst exhibited 10.5-and 12.1-fold enhancement in the ORR mass activity and specific activity, respectively. Particularly, the Pt 4.31 Ga NWs catalyst showed only 15.8% loss in the mass activity after 30 000 cycles of durability test, as compared to a big decrease of 79.6% for the commercial Pt catalyst. Our mechanistic studies find a strong p−d hybridization interaction between Ga and Pt that accounts for the improved ORR performance via synergistically optimizing the surface electronic structure, enhancing the oxidation resistance of Pt, and suppressing the leaching of lattice Ga. We believe this work provides new perspectives to design active and durable electrocatalysts toward ORR.

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The classical size effect of Pt particles on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) suggests that the activity and durability would decrease with reducing the particle size, self-limiting the effectiveness in maximizing the Pt utilization efficiency with the particle-size-reduction strategy. Herein, we discover an anomalous size effect based on Pt nanowires (NWs) with tunable diameters, where the monotonically increasing activity and durability for ORR were observed with decreasing the diameter from 2.4 to 1.1 nm. Our results reveal that the dominant role of increased compressive strain induced by decreasing the diameter of NWs in weakening the adsorption and suppressing the Pt dissolution accounts for this anomalous size effect, where the reduced low-coordinated sites on NWs, the intrinsic structural advantage, is the root. Our findings not only expand the knowledge to the classical size effect but also provide new implications to break through the size limit in the design of Pt-based ORR catalysts.

Boosting OER activity of the ultrathin 2D NiFe-LDH nanosheets via the introduction of space-confined amorphism that induces the increased active sites and optimized electronic structure.

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With a high Li+/Na+ conductivity, NASICON-type oxide ceramic electrolyte has been regarded as one of the most promising electrolytes to replace liquid electrolytes and thus enable safer electrochemical devices. The present work analyses the factors that influence ionic migration in different NASICON-type oxide ceramic electrolytes. First, we use Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 as a representative material. The synthesis parameters are evaluated and optimized to guide the fabrication of electrolytes with high density and conductivity. Second, seven selected NASICON ceramic electrolytes are studied, and a direct connection between the Li+/Na+ ionic diffusion rates and the influence factors is established. Third, with experimental characteristics as proofs, nine interrelated influence factors are proposed to analyze their positive/negative influences on the Li+/Na+ transportation in NASICON-type ceramic electrolyte systems.