From ROC curve analysis, we demonstrated the significance of the suPAR level in predicting SRNS with a high specificity but low sensitivity. However, the clinical value of suPAR to predict steroid resistance and guide therapy remains to be investigated further.
Objective:To observe the changes and correlations of serum interleukins (ILs), adhesion molecules and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) in children with allergic rhinitis, asthma and both diseases.Methods:A total of 45 children with allergic rhinitis, 40 with asthma and 45 with allergic rhinitis complicated with asthma treated from September 2016 to January 2018 were selected. Meanwhile, 30 healthy subjects who received physical examinations were included as a control group. The levels of serum IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and sE-selectin were detected by double-antibody sandwich ELISA, and their correlations were subjected to Spearman’s correlation analysis.Results:The serum IL levels of allergic rhinitis, asthma and complication groups were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.01), and the levels of complication group significantly exceeded those of asthma group (P<0.05). The serum levels of IL-5 and IL-10 in complication group significantly exceeded those of allergic rhinitis group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, serum sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sE-selectin levels significantly increased in other three groups (P<0.01). Such levels of complication group were significantly higher than those of allergic rhinitis and asthma groups (P<0.05). Serum IL-10 level was positively correlated with that of IL-4 (r=0.965, P<0.05), and sE-selectin level was positively correlated with those of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 (r=0.915, P<0.01; r=0.892, P<0.01).Conclusion:Serum IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, adhesion molecules and sE-selectin are all involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and asthma, which can be used to evaluate the degrees of respiratory allergic diseases.
Objectives Rotavirus A and human adenovirus are the two most common causes of infantile diarrhea; thus, it is of great importance to find out a rapid and accurate diagnostic method. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of latex agglutination test for detection of rotavirus A and human adenovirus. Methods A prospective study was conducted on 214 diarrhea children from September 2018 to March 2019 in our hospital. Fresh stool samples were collected for detection of rotavirus A and human adenovirus by latex agglutination test and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Then, the consistency of results detected by these two methods was analyzed. Results With performing the latex agglutination test, it was revealed that positive rates for detecting rotavirus A virus and human adenovirus were 23.83% (51/214) and 25.24% (54/214), respectively. Meanwhile, results of RT‐qPCR showed that positive rates for detecting rotavirus A virus and human adenovirus were 58 (27.10%) and 59 (27.57%), respectively. Using RT‐qPCR as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the latex agglutination test for detecting rotavirus A were 81.03% and 97.44%, and the corresponding values for detecting human adenovirus were 76.27% and 94.19%, respectively. Conclusion This latex agglutination test showed a satisfactory consistency with RT‐qPCR for detecting rotavirus A and human adenovirus. The mentioned commercial assay may be highly appropriate for rapid screening of rotavirus A and human adenovirus.
SUMMARY: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common pathogen that causes persistent infections in immune deficient patients and results in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among transplant recipients and children. Different HCMV glycoprotein H (gH) genotypes may cause different diseases and affect the severity of these diseases. To develop a sensitive quantitative real-time PCR assay that could rapidly distinguish between two HCMV gH genotypes, primers were designed to target the conserved region of the gH gene. gH1 and gH2 probes were designed to target the two variable regions. Standard HCMV strains (AD169 and TOWNE) and 203 clinical urine samples from HCMV infected children were used for the present study. Based on the primer-probe set used to detect the target gH gene segment of HCMV, our quantitative real-time PCR assay specifically discriminated between HCMV gH1 and gH2 with a detection limit of approximately 10 2 viral copies/ml. Among the 203 clinical urine samples tested, 145 were gH1 positive, 56 were gH2 positive, and 2 were positive for both. Thus, we developed a gH gene-based real time-PCR method that could rapidly, stably, and specifically distinguish between two HCMV gH genotypes. We found HCMV gH1 to be common among children examined in Zhejiang, China.
Commercially available capillary blood collection tubes were superior to 'in-house' tubes. In clinical practice, 'in-house' capillary blood collection tubes are not recommended. The guideline of 'method comparison and bias estimation using patient samples' from CLSI could also be used in comparing the performances of capillary blood collections.
Introduction: Hemolysis is the main cause of unqualified clinical samples. In this study, we established a method for detecting and evaluating hemolysis in whole blood test. We used a mathematical formula for correcting the influence of hemolysis on complete blood cell count (CBC) so as to avoid re-venipuncture and obtain more accurate parameters of red blood cell detection, reduce the burden of patients, and improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment.Methods: Hemolytic samples were selected and then corrected using the new formula. Plasma free hemoglobin (fHB) was used as the criterion to determine the degree of hemolysis; the uncertainty of measurement is acceptable as the limit value of deviation between the measured value and the revised value. Hemolysis simulation analysis in vitro and continuous monitoring of clinical patients were used to verify the correction effect.Results: A total of 83 clinical samples with hemolysis were collected and analyzed; fHB 1.4 g/L was selected as the unacceptable value for clinical hemolysis detection.In hemolytic samples, the red blood cell parameters corrected by formula are significantly different from those uncorrected and had a good consistency with those before hemolysis. Conclusion:The results show that the hemolysis phenomenon of CBC has a significant impact on routine blood testing. By using the new formula, the influence of hemolysis on erythrocyte and related parameters can be quickly and easily corrected, thus avoiding venipuncture again for re-examination, reducing diagnostic errors, and saving medical resources.
Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has an increasing pediatric prevalence worldwide. However, molecular characteristics of C. difficile in Chinese children with acute gastroenteritis have not been reported. Methods: A five-year cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary children's hospital in Zhejiang. Consecutive stool specimens from outpatient children with acute gastroenteritis were cultured for C. difficile, and isolates then were analyzed for toxin genes, multi-locus sequence type and antimicrobial resistance. Diarrhea-related viruses were detected, and demographic data were collected. Results: A total of 115 CDI cases (14.3%), and 69 co-infected cases with both viruses and toxigenic C. difficile, were found in the 804 stool samples. The 186 C. difficile isolates included 6 of toxin A-positive/toxin B-positive/binary toxin-positive (A + B + CDT +), 139 of A + B + CDT − , 3 of A − B + CDT + , 36 of A − B + CDT − and 2 of A − B − CDT −. Sequence types 26 (17.7%), 35 (11.3%), 39 (12.4%), 54 (16.7%), and 152 (11.3%) were major genotypes with significant differences among different antimicrobial resistances (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.001). The A − B + isolates had significantly higher resistance, compared to erythromycin, rifampin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin, than that of the A + B + (χ 2 = 7.78 to 29.26, P < 0.01). The positive CDI rate in infants (16.2%) was significantly higher than that of children over 1 year old (10.8%) (χ 2 = 4.39, P = 0.036). Conclusions: CDI has been revealed as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children with various genotypes. The role of toxigenic C. difficile and risk factors of CDI should be emphatically considered in subsequent diarrhea surveillance in children from China.
Background: High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), a nuclear protein, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). In a Chinese child population, the correlation between susceptibility to HSP and genetic variation in the HMGB1 gene and also the relationship between HMGB1 gene polymorphism and clinical heterogeneity of HSP were investigated. Methods: We analyzed two HMGB1 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs3742305 and rs9508752) in 182 HSP patients and 202 healthy controls using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry method. Results: There were no significant differences between HSP patients and controls in the frequency of alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes of HMGB1 SNPs. In addition, there was a slight association between HMGB1 gene polymorphisms and the clinical manifestations of HSP. Conclusions: It is suggested that the variation of the HMGB1 gene was not highly correlated with the susceptibility of Chinese children to HSP.
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