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The vertebrate RNA and ssDNA-binding protein Translin has been suggested to function in a variety of cellular processes, including DNA damage response, RNA transport, and translational control. The Translin-associated factor X (Trax) interacts with Translin, and Trax protein stability depends on the presence of Translin. To determine the function of the Drosophila Translin and Trax, we generated a translin null mutant and isolated a trax nonsense mutation. translin and trax single and double mutants are viable, fertile, and phenotypically normal. Meiotic recombination rates and chromosome segregation are also not affected in translin and trax mutants. In addition, we found no evidence for an increased sensitivity for DNA double-strand damage in embryos and developing larvae. Together with the lack of evidence for their involvement in DNA double-strand break checkpoints, this argues against a critical role for Translin and Trax in sensing or repairing such DNA damage. However, Drosophila translin is essential for stabilizing the Translin interaction partner Trax, a function that is surprisingly conserved throughout evolution. Conversely, trax is not essential for Translin stability as trax mutants exhibit normal levels of Translin protein.

In Helicoverpa armigera, female moths began to lay eggs on the third day after emergence. Mating stimulated earlier egg maturation/oogenesis (P = 0.002) and oviposition (P << 0.01). We established a suitable bioassay model for the influence of male accessory glands (MAG) on the physiology of virgin females: Crude extracts of MAG (2- to 3-day-old) were injected into 2-day-old virgin females, and the injected females were dissected 20 h after mating. It was shown that crude extracts of MAG stimulated earlier egg maturation (P < 0.001) and oviposition (the oviposition ratio was more than 2 times the ratio of the control). Proteinaceous components in crude extracts purified by fractionation and sub-fractionation in reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography also stimulated earlier egg maturation (P < 0.01) and ovipositon (more than 2 times the ratio of the control), and we called them the oogenesis and ovipostion factors (OOSF). With SDS-PAGE, the molecular mass of the bands from OOSF was estimated to be between 55-66 KD. Arch.

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Background: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has been widely performed to treat cervical generative diseases. Cage subsidence is a complication after ACDF. Although it is known that segmental kyphosis, acceleration of adjacent segmental disease, and restenosis may occur due to cages subsidence; however detailed research comparing zero-profile cages (ROI-C) and conventional plate and cage construct (CPC) on cage subsidence has been lacking.Objective: The objectives of this study was to compare the rate of postoperative cage subsidence between zero profile anchored spacer (ROI-C) and conventional cage and plate construct (CPC) and investigate the risk factors associated with cage subsidence following ACDF.Methods: Seventy-four patients with ACDF who received either ROI-C or CPC treatment from October 2013 to August 2018 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Clinical and radiological outcomes and the incidence of cage subsidence at final follow up-were compared between groups. All patients were further categorized into the cage subsidence (CS) and non-cage subsidence (NCS) groups for subgroup analysis.Results: The overall subsidence rate was higher in the ROI-C group than in the CPC group (66.67 vs. 38.46%, P = 0.006). The incidence of cage subsidence was significantly different between groups for multiple-segment surgeries (75 vs. 34.6%, P = 0.003), but not for single-segment surgeries (54.55 vs. 42.30%, P = 0.563). Male sex, operation in multiple segments, using an ROI-C, and over-distraction increased the risk of subsidence. Clinical outcomes and fusion rates were not affected by cage subsidence.Conclusion: ROI-C use resulted in a higher subsidence rate than CPC use in multi-segment ACDF procedures. The male sex, the use of ROI-C, operation in multiple segments, and over-distraction were the most significant factors associated with an increase in the risk of cage subsidence.