Nanoscale
pores have an important role in the accumulation of gas
in shale gas reservoirs. Indeed, the formation of nanopores is critical
for the characterization and evaluation of a shale reservoir. Moreover,
the effect of pyrolysis on the modification of nanopores is not clear.
Therefore, this paper focuses on pyrolysis and nitrogen adsorption
experiments to examine the nanoscale pore structure and evolution
in marine shale strata with low total organic carbon content. All
of the examined samples contain micro-, meso-, and macropores. The
results show that the number of micropores increased as a result of
artificial maturation (i.e., pyrolysis), which resulted in a significant
increase in the surface area and the total pore volume. The openness
of the pores significantly increased when the maturity was higher
than 2.5% R
o (vitrinite reflectance).
The 1.5–7.5 and 60–70 nm pores are the most pronounced
to change after pyrolysis. Furthermore, liquid hydrocarbons produced
during heating were shown to influence pores of approximately 41 nm
width. In the overmature stage (R
o = 2.77%),
the number of pores and pore volume significantly increased during
pyrolysis. The pore structure of the overmature shale was different
from that of the shale during the mature and high-maturity stages.
Pores less than 20 nm wide nearly provided 90% of the surface area
and at least 50% of the pore volume. The transformation of organic
matter from the solid state to the liquid and gas states is most closely
related to the number of mesopores. The pores with sizes less than
10 nm in width have the greatest change in the proportion of the surface
area to pore volume with increasing maturation.
The evolution of shale gas reservoirs is highly complicated, especially when the reservoir is at a great depth and has undergone complex diagenesis and multiple stages of tectonic activity. However, the evolution mechanism of material composition− pore structure−adsorption property remains unclear. In this study, pyrolysis experiments were used to obtain products of different maturities and determine the evolution processes that took place in a reservoir and total organic carbon (TOC), X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, low-pressure nitrogen/carbon dioxide gas adsorption, and methane isothermal adsorption experiments were employed to analyze the material composition, pore morphology and structure, and adsorption capacity. The results showed that the TOC value of the pyrolysis samples decreased in comparison to the original sample because some organic matter was converted into hydrocarbons. As diagenesis strengthened, unstable minerals, such as feldspar and carbonate, were converted into clay minerals, while quartz remained basically unchanged. The transformation between clay minerals was quite substantial and inheritable in terms of pore structures and adsorption capacity. The change in the pore structure was mainly caused by mesopores. The evolution of the pore structure and the adsorption property were controlled by clay minerals (mainly illite−smectite mixed layer and illite) and organic matter. Both micro-and mesopores had a controlling effect on the adsorption capacity. When R o exceeds 2.48%, there was a dramatic change in material composition, pore structure, and adsorption property, which should be given more attention in future research.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.