Objective From the perspective of informal social support, this paper analysed the impact of factors such as “Relationship with spouse”, “Relationship with Children”, “Financial support from children”, “Sibling support”, “Support from other friends and relatives” and “Borrowing costs” on the health poverty vulnerability of elderly people in rural China. Methods Based on the data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018, the vulnerability of the rural elderly to health poverty was measured from two dimensions of health status and influencing factors of health status by the three-stage feasible generalized least square method. A quantile regression model was used to analyse the impact of six variables in the informal social support network on health poverty vulnerability: “Relationship with spouse”, “Relationship with children”, “Financial support from children”, " Sibling support”, " Support from other friends and relatives”, and “Borrowing costs”. Results When the poverty line standards were 2995 CNY/year and 4589 CNY/year, the health poverty vulnerability of the elderly population in rural China was 0.397 and 0.598 in 2018. In the analysis of informal social support, factors such as the relationship with spouse, relationship with children, borrowing costs, support from other friends and relatives, and sibling support had different impacts on the health poverty vulnerability of the rural elderly, who were classified into three groups according to their different vulnerabilities. Conclusion According to the analysis of the 2018 CHARLS database, the health poverty vulnerability of the elderly population was related to the informal social support network, and it is necessary to pay attention to the role of informal channels such as children, spouses, relatives and friends in daily care and financial support for rural elderly individuals. Meanwhile, the government and other formal organizations should also give full play to their supporting role for elderly individuals, who are highly vulnerable to health poverty, and their families.
Background We aimed to explore the association between WeChat usage and depression in the Chinese middle-aged and elderly and the role of social participation. Methods Data were obtained from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) of 2018. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms, measured with the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). We used the propensity score matching (PSM) to match the WeChat users with the non-WeChat users. Correlations between WeChat usage and depressive symptoms were verified by using logistic regression and linear regression, and the mediating role of social participation was verified by using stepwise regression and KHB method. Results Four thousand five hundred forty-five samples were ultimately matched for analysis in this study. After including all control variables, results of logistic regression showed that WeChat usage was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of depression (aOR:0.701,95% CI: 0.605–0.812). And the results of linear regression showed that WeChat usage was associated with lower levels of depression which was significant (p < 0.001). The results of the stepwise regression and the KHB method showed a mediating role of social participation in WeChat usage and depressive symptoms. Among the four types of social participation, the mediating effect of recreational activities was significant, while the mediating effects of voluntary activities, cultural activities, and other activities were not significant. Meanwhile, the effect of WeChat usage on depression and the mediating effect of social participation were heterogeneous because of differences in age and gender. Conclusion Social participation partly mediated the effect between WeChat usage and depression in middle-aged and older adults. Among the four types of social participation, only recreational activities had a mediating effect. Encouraging more active social participation and other types of social activities should be considered to improve the mental health of the middle-aged and older adults in China through social media usage.
Background Adverse childhood experiences are critical factors in depression and cognitive decrease, but the effect of adverse childhood health experiences (ACHEs) on cognitive function and the role of depression have not been fully studied. Methods Data were taken from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) of 2014 and 2018. This study used indicators of situational memory ability and mental status to measure cognitive capacity. Besides analyzing the different types of ACHEs, scores for ACHEs were calculated to represent the severity of ACHEs. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depression. The analysis of this study employed two different analytical strategies in order to examine the mediated effects of depression. We used Sobel’s test and Baron and Kenny’s causal step approach, which utilized a generalized least squares regression model. Furthermore, a logistic regression model was used to evaluate the robustness of the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) approach. Results In this study, 6301 individuals who met the requirements of the study were included. We found that being confined to bed (ACHE3) (β=-0.3846, p = 0.022) in childhood had a negative impact on cognitive function. Similarly, ACHEs had a negative effect on cognitive function (β=-0.0819, p = 0.090). And after the depression had been introduced into the model, the regression coefficient of ACHEs on cognitive function was no longer significant (β=-0.0170, p = 0.727). The Sobel test showed that for ACHE3, the mediated proportion of the total effect of depression was 36.92%. While for ACHEs, the proportion of the mediated effect of depression was 70.11%. Finally, a robustness test of the mediating effect using the KHB method revealed that the mediating effect still existed. Further, based on different gender, age, and educational levels, the heterogeneity test indicated that the relationship between ACHEs and cognitive function and mediating effects of the depression were different as well as passing the robustness test of the interaction. Conclusion The decline in cognition had been shown to be correlated with ACHEs and depression mediated this relationship. Positive interventions might help to improve cognitive performance in individuals suffering from ACHEs and depression.
Low temperature freezing injury has always been one of the natural factors leading to serious yield reduction of wheat. How to improve the frost resistance of wheat has always been the focus of breeders and geneticists. However, the genetic improvement of wheat frost resistance has been slow, mainly due to the fact that frost resistance is a complex quantitative trait, and field phenotypic identification is relatively difficult. Therefore, the discovery of wheat frost resistance genes and the mapping and cloning of frost resistance genes not only provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of wheat frost resistance, but also help to analyze the molecular mechanism of wheat frost resistance. In this study, the wheat line H261 and its EMS mutants LF2099 and XiNong 239 were used as materials. Frost-resistance / non frost-resistance trait segregation was found in the F2 generation of the mutant LF2099 and XiNong 239, and the separation ratio was 15:1. Genetic analysis showed that the frost resistance of wheat was controlled by two dominant overlapping genes, temporarily named Fr-3 and Fr-4. BSA combined with SNP array was used to locate the frost resistance gene. Fr-3 was located between SSR marker BU100519 and KASP marker AX-94843669. The genetic distance between markers was 1.32 cM, and the corresponding physical interval on Chinese Spring 2B chromosome was 5.41 Mb, including 67 genes with functional annotation. Fr-4 was located between the KASP marker AX-94657955 and the SSR marker LC-23. The genetic distance between the markers was 1.79 cM, and the corresponding physical interval on the Chinese Spring 2D chromosome was 2.35 Mb, containing 66 functional annotation genes. Compared with previous studies, Fr-3 and Fr-4 were two new frost resistance genes, which laid the foundation for the fine mapping and cloning of Fr-3 and Fr-4.
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