We sought to develop and validate a national blood pressure reference based on age, sex, and height for Chinese children. Data were obtained on 197,430 children aged 7–17 who participated in the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health in 2010. Blood pressure percentiles were estimated and fitted using the Lambda Mu and Sigma method and then compared to a U.S. reference and China’s existing reference. In an external independent validation sample of 59,653 children aged 7–18 from 7 Chinese provinces in 2013, the prevalence of elevated Blood pressure was compared applying the three references. Blood pressure values were similar for boys and girls at the younger ages (7–13 years) and lower height percentiles, while higher at the older ages (14–17 years) for boys than girls. At medial height in boys and girls aged 7–13, the 50th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of Blood pressure for the new national reference were consistent with U.S. reference and lower than current Chinese reference. In the independent sample, elevated Blood pressure prevalence, based on the new national reference, ranged from 7.8% to 18.5% among children aged 7–17, which was higher than the U.S. reference values (4.3% to 14.5%) and lower than the current Chinese reference (12.9% to 25.5%) in each age group. The new national Blood pressure reference for Chinese children based on age, sex and height from large-scale and nationally representative data appears to improve the ability for identifying Chinese hypertensive children and for stratifying them with regard to cardiovascular risk.
This article explores differences between the current health status of adolescents and the targets set in Healthy China 2030 (HC2030). Methods: Global and domestic policies and strategies relating to adolescent health were reviewed. Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (1990e2016) and the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health (1985e2014) were used to analyze time trends and geographical distributions of health indicators for adolescents aged 10e19 years in China. Results: The Chinese government has released many health policies over the past 3 decades. In this context, there has been a major decline in all-cause mortality and stunting. However, gaps between the current health status of adolescents and the targets set in HC2030 were numerous. The prevalence of obesity and poor vision increased rapidly, and few adolescents meet the physical activity and fitness targets set in HC2030. Urban/rural differences were marked for some indicators such as obesity, whereas for other indicators (e.g., stunting), there remained notable differences across provinces. Conclusions: Many long-standing health problems of adolescents have improved, but new problems related to noncommunicable disease risks have emerged and should be a prominent focus for policy action under HC2030.
This study aims to examine the relationship between high birth weight (HBW) and blood pressure and assess whether HBW leads to increased hypertension during childhood and adolescence. All the participants aged 6-18 years with HBW were selected from a cross-sectional study from seven provinces in China. Nine thousand nine hundred and sixty-two children were randomly sampled with matched data. Basic information of students was collected with a standardized student and guardian questionnaire. High blood pressure was defined according to sex-, age- and height-specific references. Multi-variance logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of high blood pressure and HBW after adjustment for confounding factors. The overall mean of systolic BP and diastolic BP in HBW group were significantly higher than normal group in both genders and urban/rural area. Corresponding overall prevalence of high BP, elevated SBP and elevated DBP in HBW group were also higher than normal group in both genders, respectively (boys: 19.41% vs 16.16%; 10.12% vs 8.16%; 14.86% vs 12.71%; girls: 14.95% vs 12.66%; 8.19% vs 6.56%; 11.13% vs 9.86%). In addition, birth weight was positively associated with high BP, elevated SBP and elevated DBP in children and adolescents of both sexes (boys: OR 1.25, 1.27, 1.20; girls: OR 1.21, 1.27, 1.15). However, the positive association was attenuated and even reversed after adjustment for potential confounding variables. In this study, HBW may lead to higher childhood blood pressure, but no association between HBW and childhood hypertension was observed.
BackgroundLittle is known regarding the nutritional burden in Chinese ethnic minority children. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of excess body weight and underweight for 26 ethnic groups.MethodsData on 80,821 participants aged 7–18 years across 26 minorities, with completed records from a large national cross-sectional survey, were obtained from Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) in 2014. Excess body weight, underweight and their components were classified according to Chinese national BMI references.ResultsThe overall prevalence of excess body weight and underweight among ethnic groups were 12.0% and 14.5%, in which 4.4% and 4.1% of the participants were classified as obese and severe wasting, respectively. Compared with girls, boys showed a higher prevalence of underweight, severe wasting and obesity, but a lower prevalence of excess body weight (P < 0.05). Among 26 ethnic groups, Koreans had the highest prevalence of excess body weight (30.4%), while Bouyeis showed the highest prevalence of underweight (25.7%). The ethnic minority groups with high prevalence of excess body weight and underweight were more likely to show high burden of obesity and severe wasting, respectively. However, it is not the case for some groups, such as Miaos and Shuis.ConclusionsA worrying dual burden of excess body weight and underweight was recognized in Chinese ethnic minority children. Since various characteristics were found among different minorities, the ethnic-specific effort is warranted to improve their nutritional status.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5352-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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