The sustainable development goals (SDGs) reflect the pursuit of achieving spatial justice. Both SDG 1.4 and SDG 11.1 reflect a concern for urban services. Life service resources, which are the new concept proposed by the Chinese government, also call for sustainable development path. However, few studies have focused on the realization of spatial justice in life service resources. This paper proposes a two-level, four-step analysis framework composed of quantity, structure, pattern, and coupling coordination to perceive the spatial justice of life service resources. Based on remote sensing technology and geographic information science, this paper acquires and analyses multi-source data including population density, building outlines, point of interests, subway lines, etc. Furthermore, the case study in downtown Beijing found the following: (1) The total life service resources are extensive and varying in type; (2) regional differences are evident and low-level equilibrium and high-level priority development coexist; (3) life service resources are concentrated in contiguous and multi-centre clusters with a greater north–south than east–west difference; (4) the overall level of life service resources is low, specifically for “high in the centre and low in the periphery” and “high in the east and low in the west”. Future management should consider narrowing the development gap and formulating industry development plans to improve spatial justice. Finally, the comparison between Beijing and London and more cities in the future needs to consider the urban development stage, population density, and other aspects.
This study analyzes territorial spatial pattern changes and landscape pattern changes under different economic development gradients in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region of China. Then it discusses the relationship between territorial area and landscape patterns. The results indicate that: (1) area changes for middle- and low-development regions are characterized by “continuous shrinkage of agricultural space, continuous expansion of urban space, and a decrease followed by an increase of ecological space”; (2) the higher the level of regional economic development, the more severe the spatial change of national territory; (3) the common trend of structural transformation is the obvious flow of agricultural production space into rural living space and urban space—the difference is that the outflow of ecological space in low-development regions is more than the inflow, while the opposite holds true in medium- and high-development regions; and (4) the fragmentation degree of middle- and low-development regions is increasing, while that of high-development regions is decreasing. With the increase in regional economic development, the degree of spread and diversity decreases and increases, respectively. The correlation between territorial spatial pattern and landscape metrics shows distinct regional differences.
With the tightening of resource and environmental constraints and the increasing manifestation of land use conflicts, construction land reduction has become an important way to optimize land resource allocation and improve resource use efficiency. Taking the towns of Zhuqiao and Zhujiajiao in Shanghai as research subjects, this paper uses field research and case studies to summarize the main practices and completion of the land reduction and analyzes the interest preferences of different stakeholders. The results showed that the main stakeholders in the reduction of inefficient construction land in Shanghai include the municipal government, district government, town government, rural collective economic organizations, entrepreneurs, and villagers, which form a complex and intertwined interest relationship. The allocation of new construction land indexes, the supply of funds for the cost of reduction, and the resettlement method of the reduced enterprises are the key factors affecting the coordination of the relationship between the stakeholders. Protecting the economic interests of village collective organizations and villagers is an effective way to reduce the conflicts that occur between government and villagers, and between government and village collectives. The research outcomes will provide a theoretical reference for improving the existing reduction policies and function as a reference for the spatial development and control work in other regions of China.
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