ABSTRACT. β-amyloid peptides (Aβs) can exert neurotoxic effects through induction of oxidative damage, whereas lipoic acid (LA), a powerful antioxidant, can alleviate oxidative damage. In this study, we explored the effect and mechanism of action of LA on beta-amyloidintoxicated C6 glioma cells. Cells were randomly divided into three groups: control (vehicle), Aβ, and LA + Aβ. The LA + Aβ group was treated with LA for 2 h, then both the Aβ-only and the LA + Aβ groups were incubated with 25 μM Aβ for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by the MTT method. Mitochondrial reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the GSH to GSSG ratio calculated. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were used to detect MnSOD mRNA and protein, respectively. Aβ significantly inhibited C6 cell proliferation compared with the control group (P < 0.05). LA markedly increased cell viability compared with the Aβ group (P < 0.05). The increased GSSH and decreased GSH mitochondrial accumulation induced by Aβ was profoundly reversed by treatment with LA (P < 0.05). Aβ significantly reduced MnSOD expression compared to controls (P < 0.05), whereas LA pretreatment increased MnSOD expression compared with the Aβ-only group (P < 0.05); MnSOD protein levels showed similar patterns. These results suggest that LA might protect Aβ-intoxicated C6 glioma cells by alleviating oxidative damage, providing a new treatment strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
Background: In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer is on the rise, almost become one of the fastest-growing malignant tumor, especially in women. The reasons of the incidence of thyroid, is not only the use of detection means. The relationship between clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of thyroid is controversial. Aims and Objective: One thousand forty seven cases of thyroid nodule (thyroid nodules, TN) were retrospectively analyzed, to study the distribution of TN and its clinical pathological features. Materials and Methods: Clinicopathological data of 1047 cases TN were retrospectively studied, from Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital and (10.2017 to 08.2018) Chengde County Hospital (01. 2016 to 08.2018), χ2 test is used to analyze the relationship between clinical pathologic factors and lymph node. Results: In 1047 cases of TN, nodular goiter 50.62%, Hashimo-to’s thyroiditis 3.34%, thyroid carcinomas 32.28%,thyroid adenoma 10.12%, toxic nodular goiter 0.29%. The lymph node metastasis positive rate washigher in <45 years of age and tumor diameter >1 cm of the thyroid carcinoma patients. Gender, whether single had no relation with occurrence of neck lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: The lymph node metastasis positive rate is higher in <45 years of age and tumor diameter greater than 1 cm of the thyroid carcinoma patients.
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