Zn(2+) is involved in neural cell apoptosis and/or death caused by hypoxia/ischemia via mediating excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation.

Friction control and technological advancement are intimately intertwined. Concomitantly, two-dimensional materials occupy a unique position for realizing quasi-frictionless contacts. However, the question arises of how to tune superlubric sliding. Drawing inspiration from twistronics, we propose to control superlubricity via moiré patterning. Friction force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations unequivocally demonstrate a transition from a superlubric to dissipative sliding regime for different twist angles of graphene moirés on a Pt(111) surface triggered by the normal force. This follows from a novel mechanism at superlattice level where, beyond a critical load, moiré tiles are manipulated in a highly dissipative shear process connected to the twist angle. Importantly, the atomic detail of the dissipation associated with the moiré tile manipulationi.e., enduring forced registry beyond a critical normal loadallows the bridging of disparate sliding regimes in a reversible manner, thus paving the road for a subtly intrinsic control of superlubricity.

Organic place-making and planned placemaking are ends on a continuum of options for place making theories that give significant insight of tourism research. Sense of place is another concept that provides further theoretical and practical depth for understanding place making. With symbolic interaction and a phenomenology perspective, sense of place can be conceived as a stream of awareness composed of place images, place significances and place engagements, which are inseparably linked through the symbolic interaction between tourists and the place. Place image is produced biologically through sensory interactions between humans and place; place significance is generated semiologically in consciousness interactions; and place engagement is created existentially from emotional interactions. These three symbolic interactions create the experience stream which is a person's perception of a place. This stream originates in the authenticity and the organic structure of a place. While top-down placemaking meets the ordinary, recreational needs of tourists, the authenticity of bottom-up place-making gives tourists deeper and richer experiences through the individual's stream of awareness. The different experiences that various forms of place making engender can be better understood in terms of the complexity of the stream of tourist awareness. Mixed placemaking methods need to appreciate the authenticity protection of the back-stage place-making against the commercialization of front-stage placemaking.

3D uniform Bi2S3 chrysanthemum-like microspheres with 1D nanowire-assembly were prepared through a facile one-step hydrothermal route, using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as a soft template, and Bi(NO3)3 and thiourea as Bi and S sources, respectively. PVP molecules played an important role in the formation of uniform 3D Bi2S3 nanostructures. The reasonable formation mechanism of uniform chrysanthemum-shaped Bi2S3 microspheres was also proposed. Photovoltaic properties were studied preliminarily to demonstrate potential application in dye-sensitised solar cells for the replacement of scarce platinum as counter electrode.