The N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation of indolin-2-imines and bromoenals was developed to give dihydropyridinone-fused indoles in good to high yields, which were transformed to α-carbolines with different 2-subsituents by a process of dehydrogenation, tosylation, and palladium catalyzed C-C or C-N coupling reaction.
Background:Current studies evaluating the association of tea consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) have yielded inconsistent findings. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between tea consumption and BMD.Methods:The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were comprehensively searched, and a meta-analysis performed of all observational studies assessing the association of tea consumption and BMD. Forest plots were used to illustrate the results graphically. The Q-test and I2 statistic were employed to evaluate between-study heterogeneity. Potential publication bias was assessed by the funnel plot.Results:Four cohort, 1 case–control, and 8 cross-sectional studies including a total of 12,635 cases were included. Tea consumption was shown to prevent bone loss [odds ratio (OR): 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47–0.94; P = 0.02], yielding higher mineral densities in several bones, including the lumbar spine [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.19; 95% CI, 0.08–0.31; P = 0.001], hip (SMD: 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05–0.34; P = 0.01), femoral neck [mean difference (MD): 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00–0.02; P = 0.04], Ward triangle (MD: 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01–0.04; P = 0.001), and greater trochanter (MD: 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02–0.04; P < 0.00001), than the non-tea consumption group.Conclusion:This meta-analysis provided a potential trend that tea consumption might be beneficial for BMD, especially in the lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck, Ward triangle, and greater trochanter, which might help prevent bone loss.
Background:High-viscosity cement (HVC) has been gradually applied in percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). Although HVC has been reported to reduce cement leakage, different opinions exist. To assess the complications of HVC in cement leakage in the treatment of vertebral compression fractures and to evaluate the clinical effect of HVC compared with low-viscosity cement (LVC).Methods:EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases were comprehensively searched from their inception to August 2017. Two researchers independently searched for articles and reviewed all retrieved studies. Forest plots were used to illustrate the results. The Q-test and I2 statistic were employed to evaluate between-study heterogeneity. Potential publication bias was assessed by funnel plot.Results:HVC reduced the occurrence of cement leakage (risk ratio (RR) = 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.29 to 0.51, P < 0.00001), especially in the disc space (RR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.80, P = 0.007) and the vein (RR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.85, P = 0.008) but not in the intraspinal space (RR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.19 to 1.23, P = 0.13) or the paravertebral area (RR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.32 to 1.22, P = 0.17). No significant differences in the visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), injected cement volume or adjacent vertebral fracture were noted between HVC and LVC (P > 0.05).Conclusion:Compared with LVC, HVC results in a reduced incidence of cement leakage for the treatment of vertebral compression fractures, especially in the disc space and vein but not in the intraspinal space or the paravertebral area. In addition, HVC yields the same satisfactory clinical effect as LVC.
Background This study focused on the mechanisms where icariin inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis and angiogenesis by regulating the TDP‐43 signaling pathway. Methods A rat osteoarthritis (OA) model was established by collagenase injection. Histological examination of the articular cartilage and synovial tissue was performed 6 weeks after operation. Cartilage cell line overexpressing TDP‐43 and mesenchymal stem cell line (TDP43‐MSCs) of the rat TDP43 gene were established. Results In OA rats transplanted with TDP43‐mMSCs, TDP43 was highly expressed in chondrocytes (TDP43‐HC), while TDP43 expression was low in HC and MSCs‐HC (p < 0.05). After the intervention of MSCs‐TDP43, high expression of TDP43 induced the apoptosis and death of chondrocytes. After the addition of icariin, late apoptosis and death of TDP43‐HC were significantly attenuated. Apoptosis and death of HC, MSCs‐HC, and TDP43‐HC cells were effectively controlled with icariin, and no apparent cell death was found. ELISA showed that the VEGF and HIF‐1 alpha were significantly higher in the rat OA model than the normal control rats. Conclusion TDP43‐MSC transplantation interfered with the expression of TDP43 in the articular chondrocytes of OA rats, which may impact on inducing apoptosis of chondrocytes as well as inhibiting the proliferation of chondrocytes. Additionally, TDP43‐MSCs appeared to promote the formation of neovascularization in the synovial tissue, which could be significantly attenuated by icariin.
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