A novel implementation of a low-cost proximity fuze sensor system is presented. This system has very small dimension with 40mm diameter and 25mm high, which can detect the target of a fixed distance, with a resolution of less than 20cm. The pulse generated by S RD (step recovery diode) is approximate Gaussian pulse, which have pulse duration of about 250ps and amplitude of about 2.4V. The most challenge in this work is antenna designing and echo wave receiving. A U-slot antenna is designed to fix for the limited space, to detect the echo signal, ultra-highspeed comparator is employed.
A compact unidirectional cylindrical conformal monopole antenna with 40 mm diameter and 25 mm height is designed for an impulse radar system. The antenna is employed for radiating Gaussian monocycle with peak-peak width of 300 ps. Impedance loaded is adopted to achieve ultrawideband (UWB) impedance matching and unidirectional radiation. Simulations with CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS) and experiments have been conducted to assist with the characterization of the antenna. Simulation results and experimental data showed to be in good agreement. The impedance bandwidth is 0.67-2.15 GHz for 11 10 dB and covers the main range of the pulse spectrum. The front-to-back ratio of the amplitude of the received signal reaches about 3.5:1.
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