In coming decade the practical implementation of work on the decommissioning of nuclear power plants will begin. Failure to take into account the decommissioning stage for NPPs of the first generations, the presence of a radiation component in the building structures of NPP buildings and structures, the need to destroy protective barriers are the main problems in the issue of dismantling works. The destruction of barriers and the specifics of dismantling technological processes can lead to the release of radioactivity into the environment, which will lead to an increase in the radiation load on personnel and the population. Radioactive contamination of structures leads to the formation of a large volume of radioactive waste, the amount of which can be significantly reduced due to the competent separation of waste into classes, taking into account the holding time. In this study the design of the reactor building for unit 1 of the Novovoronezh NPP was considered. Based on the analysis of the data of the comprehensive engineering and radiation surveys (CERS), which was completed in 2004, a classification of buildings into three groups was proposed. Based on the results of CERS, the dependences of the total activity of the main radionuclides and the cost of maintaining the block under observation from time are presented. As a result of the performed studies, an algorithm for constructing an organizational and technological model for dismantling buildings and structures of NPP that are being decommissioned is proposed.
At present day public control is not just a compulsory element of civil society and a vivid manifestation of the constitutional thesis that the only source of power in Ukraine is the people, but it is also a form of feedback between the society and the state. Taking into consideration the way that this channel of interaction/communication is established, dependence lies not only on the field of political capacity of citizens, but also upon the degree of legitimacy of public authority. On the other hand, the legitimacy of the government directly influences the quickness and efficiency of reforming for all major spheres of society life, bringing national legislation into common line with the legislation of the European Union, successful completion of the European integration process and, as the consequence, Ukraine's establishment as European modern country. The functioning of public control requires existent proper legal, organizational and institutional framework based on the acts of national law. However, taking into consideration that neither in practice nor in theory a single conceptual approach to the definition of the legal nature of public control has yet been developed; so, the main purpose of the article is to determine the legal nature of the latter and to disclose modern understanding of this legal phenomenon. In order to achieve it, the author has analyzed the main approaches to understanding of the "legal nature" concept, revealed the main criteria for determining legitimate nature of public control, distinguished public control from the concepts of "civic control", "social control", "commonalty control", "communal control" and "general control"; along with it the relation between the concepts of "public control" and of "the participation in management of state affairs"
Public control is an important mechanism for influencing upon public authorities. Its effectiveness ensures social participation within public administration indeed. The effectiveness of public control depends on the quality of its legal regulation and, in particular, upon perfection of mechanisms for public control. Numerous shortcomings of the existing mechanisms for exercising public control are primarily considered due to the legal uncertainty of the guarantees on public control. After all, the guarantees on public control ensure proper functioning of the institution of public control and the effective implementation of the legal status of individuals in the field of public control and the entire social sphere in general. Without their comprehensive analysis, including clarification of its legal nature and essence, it is impossible to build, describe in detail and consolidate legislatively the system of guarantees on public control. Within the frame of the study it has been found that the legal nature of the guarantees on public control and the specifications of their essence largely depend upon the kind of content that is embedded into the concept of the law. The author also believes that the most accurate way to reveal the nature of legal guarantees seems possible with the help of instrumental theory of law, namely being the key concept of “legal means”. In this article the emphasis is stressed onto one of the main reasons for the existence of controversial points and differences in the understanding of legal guarantees, including public control, where there is the ambiguity for the basic category, i. e. “guarantee”. The article also formulates definitions of legal guarantees in the most general sense, as well as from the standpoint of instrumental theory of law. As a result, the author’s understanding of legal guarantees on public control has been introduced.
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