Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of green solvents analogous to ionic liquids due to their biodegradable capacity and low cost. However, the direct extractive desulfurization of diesel oil by DESs cannot meet the government's standard. In this work, amphiphilic polyoxometalates were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and mass spectrometry. The oxidative desulfurization results showed that benzothiophene (BT) could be completely removed by employing a [(C 6 H 13) 3 P(C 14 H 29)] 3 PMo 12 O 40 , DES (ChCl/2Ac) and H 2 O 2 system. It was also found that the organic cation of catalysts played a positive role in oxidative desulfurization. The reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature and time, the amount of catalyst and DES and H 2 O 2 /S (O/S) molar ratio, were optimized. Different sulfides were tested to determine the desulfurization selectivity of the optimal reaction system, and it was found that 97.2% of dibenzothiophene (DBT) could be removed followed by 80.7% of 4-MDBT and 76.0% of 4,6-DMDBT. After reaction, the IR spectra showed that the catalyst [(C 6 H 13) 3 P(C 14 H 29)] 3 PMo 12 O 40 was stable during the reaction process and the oxidative product was dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTO 2). Furthermore, the catalyst can be regenerated and recycled for four runs with little loss of activity.
Background
Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have good osteogenic differentiation potential and have become ideal seed cells in bone tissue engineering. However, the osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs gradually weakens with age, and the regulatory mechanism is unclear.
Method
We conducted a bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) experiment, and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) to explore the hub genes that may affect BMSC functions.
Results
The expression level of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat1) was significantly higher in the BMSCs from elderly than younger mice, while miR-129-5p showed the opposite trend. The results of alkaline phosphatase staining, quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blot experiments indicated that inhibiting the expression of Malat1 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. This effect can be reversed by reducing the expression of miR-129-5p. Additionally, DLR and RIP experiments confirmed that Malat1 acts as a sponge for miR-129-5p.
Conclusion
Overall, our study findings indicated that lncRNA Malat1 may play a critical role in maintaining the osteoblast differentiation potential of BMSCs by sponging miR-129-5p.
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