Glioma groups, including lower-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are the most common primary brain tumor. Malignant gliomas, especially glioblastomas, are associated with a dismal prognosis. Hypoxia is a driver of the malignant phenotype in glioma groups; it triggers a cascade of immunosuppressive processes and malignant cellular responses (tumor progression, anti-apoptosis, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy), which result in disease progression and poor prognosis. However, approaches to determine the extent of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment are still unclear. Here, we downloaded 575 LGG patients and 354 GBM patients from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (GGGA), and 530 LGG patients and 167 GBM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with RNA sequence and clinicopathological data. We developed a hypoxia risk model to reflect the immune microenvironment in glioma and predict prognosis. High hypoxia risk score was associated with poor prognosis and indicated an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Hypoxia signature significantly correlated with clinical and molecular features and could serve as an independent prognostic factor for glioma patients. Moreover, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that gene sets associated with the high-risk group were involved in carcinogenesis and immunosuppression signaling. In conclusion, we developed and validated a hypoxia risk model, which served as an independent prognostic indicator and reflected overall immune response intensity in the glioma microenvironment.

This article presents an infrared–ultrasonic sensor fusion approach for support vector machine–based fall detection, often required by elderly healthcare. Its detection algorithms and performance evaluation are detailed. The location, size, and temperature profile of the user can be estimated based on a novel sensory fusion algorithm. Different feature sets of the support vector machine–based machine learning algorithm are analyzed and their impact on fall detection accuracy is evaluated and compared empirically. Experiments study three non-fall activities, standing, sitting, and stooping, and two fall actions, forward falling and sideway falling, to simulate daily activities of the elderly. Fall detection accuracy studies are performed based on discretely and continuously (closer to reality) recorded experimental data, respectively. For the discrete data recording, an average accuracy of 92.2% is achieved when the stand-alone Grid-EYE is used and the accuracy is increased to 96.7% when sensor fusion is used. For the continuous data recording (180 training sets, 60 test sets at each distance), an average accuracy less than 70.0% is achieved when the stand-alone Grid-EYE is used and the accuracy is increased to around 90.3% after sensor fusion. New features will be explored in the next step to further increase detection accuracy.

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Although radiation therapy (RT) plays a critical role in the treatment of low-grade glioma (LGG), many patients suffer from adverse effects without experiencing survival benefits. In various carcinomas, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to pathogenic processes, including tumorigenesis, metastasis, chemoresistance, and radioresistance. Currently, the role of lncRNAs in the radiosensitivity of LGG is largely unknown. Here, we downloaded clinical data for 167 LGG patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and divided them between radiosensitive and radioresistant groups based on their clinical outcomes after receiving radiotherapy. We identified 37 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed (DElncRNAs) between the groups. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that their potential target mRNAs were mainly enriched in the PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways and in DNA damage response. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that increased expression of six lncRNAs was significantly associated with radiosensitivity. We then developed a risk signature based on three of the DElncRNAs that served as an independent biomarker for predicting LGG patient outcomes after radiotherapy. In vitro experiments further validated the biological function of these lncRNAs on low-grade glioma radiation response.