Three-dimensional porous carbon sheets with abundant micropores and macropores are used to uniformly disperse SnO2 nanoparticles with high loading, and the obtained SnO2/PC exhibits efficient formate production from electrochemical CO2 reduction.

No abstract

Carrier-free nanodrug with exceptionally high drug payload has attracted increasing attentions. Herein, we construct a pH/ROS cascade-responsive nanodrug which could achieve tumor acidity-triggered targeting activation followed by circularly amplified ROS-triggered drug release via positive-feedback loop. The di-selenide-bridged prodrug synthesized from vitamin E succinate and methotrexate (MTX) self-assembles into nanoparticles (VSeM); decorating acidity-cleavable PEG onto VSeM surface temporarily shields the targeting ability of MTX to evade immune clearance and consequently elongate circulation time. Upon reaching tumor sites, acidity-triggered detachment of PEG results in targeting recovery to enhance tumor cell uptake. Afterward, the VSeM could be dissociated in response to intracellular ROS to trigger VES/MTX release; then the released VES could produce extra ROS to accelerate the collapse of VSeM. Finally, the excessive ROS produced from VES could synergize with the released MTX to efficiently suppress tumor growth via orchestrated oxidation-chemotherapy. Our study provides a novel strategy to engineer cascade-responsive nanodrug for synergistic cancer treatment.

No abstract

No abstract

If every programmer of cloud-hosted apps possessed exceptional technical capability and endless patience, the DevOps environment (also known as Platform-as-a-Service, or PaaS) would perhaps become irrelevant. However, the reality is almost always the opposite case. Hence, IT engineers dream of a reliable and usable DevOps environment that can substantially facilitate their developments and simplify their operations. Current DevOps environments include Google App Engine, Docker, Kubernetes, Mesos, and so forth. In other words, PaaS bridges the gap between vivid IT engineers and stiff cloud systems. In this paper, we comprehensively examine state-of-the-art PaaS solutions across various tiers of the cloud-computing DevOps stack. On this basis, we identify areas of consensus and diversity in their philosophies and methodologies. In addition, we explore cutting-edge solutions towards realizing a more fine-grained, full-stack DevOps environment. From this paper, readers are expected to quickly grasp the essence, current status, and future prospects of PaaS.

Blockchain technology has emerged as a novel distributed ledger technology, facilitating data sharing and system management securely and efficiently without interventions from a central authority. However, blockchain technology alone is not suitable for enterprise-class applications, mainly due to the limitations in capacity expansion and verification speed of blockchain systems. This paper proposes a secure and effective construction scheme for blockchain networks to improve performance and address the effective management concerns of blockchain data based on transaction categories. We designed a network link protocol to construct a directed acyclic graph (DAG) blockchain network and used a sharding protocol to divide the DAG blockchain into multiple category shards to process transactions in parallel. We then extensively evaluated our proposed design on local clusters. The experimental results show that our link and shard protocols achieved high throughput and the category-based sharded DAG blockchain demonstrated high scalability.

For the future of the Internet, because information-centric network (ICN) have natural advantages in terms of content distribution, mobility, and security, it is regarded as a potential solution, or even the key, to solve many current problems. Named Data Network (NDN) is one of the research projects initiated by the United States for network architecture. NDN is a more popular project than ICN. The information cache in the NDN separates content from content publishers, but content security is threatened because of the lack of security controls. Therefore, a multi-authority revocable access control method based on CP-ABE needs to be proposed. This method constructs a proxy-assisted access control scheme, which can implement effective data access control in NDN networks, and the scheme has high security. Because of the partial decryption on the NDN node, the decryption burden of the consumer client in the solution is reduced, and effective user and attribute revocation is achieved, and forward security and backward security are ensured, and collusion attacks are prevented. Finally, through the other security and performance analysis of the scheme of this paper, it proves that the scheme is safe and efficient.