A semiconductor nano‐material was prepared, and its degradation efficiency of zearalenone (ZEN) was studied. The photocatalytic material graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) was synthesized by the traditional method of hot cracking. Its structure was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic degradation experiment showed that under the irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) lamp (254 nm, including 185 nm), g‐C3N4 could induce photocatalytic effect, which provided a new method for the degradation of ZEN in real powder samples. The experimental conditions of photocatalytic degradation of the primary reference material of ZEN and ZEN in real powder samples were explored. And the degradation products of ZEN were analyzed after high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). Under each optimal experimental conditions, the degradation rate on primary reference material of ZEN and ZEN in real powder samples was 96.0% and 50.0%, respectively. The results in this work provide a theoretical reference and practical basis for the photocatalytic degradation of mycotoxin in real powder samples by g‐C3N4.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are usually produced in rice under aerobic environmental conditions, resulting in peroxidative changes in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and affecting the deterioration of rice during storage. In addition, as an important enzyme that participates in removing ROS, peroxidase is also present in rice, and takes part in protecting rice from attack by ROS. Moreover, loss of peroxidase activity may give rise to rice deterioration during storage. Therefore, measuring peroxidase activity makes it possible to ascertain the freshness of rice. In addition, peroxidase can also catalyze the luminol–hydrogen peroxide system. Based on this, in this work we established a new chemiluminescence (CL) method that was used to detect the freshness of stored rice. Under optimal experimental conditions, we showed that the freshness of rice can be measured using this CL method. This study is the first to detect the freshness of rice using a CL method, opening up a novel direction for the application of CL.
Based on the distribution characteristics of deoxynivalenol (DON) in corn and wheat grains, a technology on the degradation of DON with low concentration of ozone has been explored. The results indicated that DON in both corn and wheat grains was mainly distributed in the episperm with a decreasing trend from the outside to the inside of the kernel. Meanwhile, the degradation rates of DON (per 100 g in sample), which was treated with 3 mg/L ozone for 8h in the lab and 96h in the barn, reached about 40% and 50%, respectively, when DON was mainly distributed on the outside of the episperm. The result was slightly lower than that reported in similar literature with 60–100 mg/L ozone treatment. In addition, the treatment of ozone (3 mg/L) hardly affected the original quality indexes of grains and effectively reduced the total fungal count in grains (at least 1 cycle log cfu/g). However, the low content of moisture in raw grains stored in the warehouse would limit the further penetration of ozone and the detoxification effect depending on the distribution of DON in the grains, especially in the episperm. In addition, the results of UPLC‐QTOF/MS and NMR analysis indicated that the final degradation product of DON was dimethyl adipate, which was a lower toxic substance. This work had a practical significance for the treatment of grain with over standard vomitoxin in real warehouse. Novelty impact statement Overall, the purpose of this study was to explore a technology, which could be applied practically in barns, for the degradation of DON in grains with low concentration of ozone. Although the low content of moisture in grains stored in the barn would limit the further penetration of ozone, 3 mg/L ozone used in this study still obviously showed potential in inhibition of molds growth in grain pile, thereby reducing the content of DON in grains and its application in barns on the whole. This work had an practical significance for the treatment of grain with over standard vomitoxin in real warehouse.
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