Supportinginformation and the ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under: https://doi.

Novel autoregulatory metabolites, arthrosporols A−C (1−3), involved in regulating the morphological switch in fungi, were purified and characterized from the carnivorous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. These compounds possess a novel hybrid carbon skeleton consisting of an epoxycyclohexenol combined with a rare monocyclic sesquiterpenol substructure. This is the first report of a monocyclic sesquiterpenol of this type of fungal origin. Compounds 1−3 displayed significant inhibitory activities toward the formation of conidiophores, while compounds 1 and 3 showed the opposite effects on the formation of a two-dimensional network with increasing rates of 40−90% and inhibiting rates of 30−90%, respectively.

Macrocyclic PKS-NRPS hybrid metabolites represent a unique family of natural products mainly from bacteria with broad and outstanding biological activities. However, their distribution in fungi has rarely been reported, and little has been reported regarding their nematocidal activity. Here we describe an unprecedented class of PKS-NRPS hybrid metabolites possessing a 13-membered lactam-bearing macrolactone, thermolides A-F (1-6) from a thermophilic fungus Talaromyces thermophilus. We showed that 1 and 2 displayed potent inhibitory activity against three notorious nematodes with LC(50) values of 0.5-1 μg/mL, as active as commercial avermectins. This work provided a new class of promising lead compounds for nematocide discovery.

No abstract

Six indole alkaloids with various levels of prenylation were isolated from the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces thermophilus strain YM3-4. Their structures were identified by NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 are new analogues of the key versatile precursor notoamide E. Compound 3 is a novel analogue of preechinulin, and compound 4 was reported as a natural occurring cyclo(glycyltryptophyl) for the first time. The metabolite profile of this thermophilic organism displayed a biosynthetic pathway for talathermophilins.