This study explores the mediating role of health literacy on the association between health care system distrust and vaccine hesitancy. An online survey including Personal Information Form, Health Care System Distrust Scale, Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, and Health Literacy Scale were applied to 620 participants. The degree of applying mask-wearing, hygiene rule and physical distance, and the level of COVID-19 vaccine literacy were modeled with hierarchical multiple regression analysis to have a deeper analysis of participants' actions towards COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. It was found that health care system distrust and health literacy were the most important variables that had an impact on vaccine hesitancy. Based on the mediation analysis, the total effect of health care system distrust on vaccine hesitancy was statistically significant. Participants who held a low level of health literacy and a high perception of the health care system distrust experienced more vaccine hesitancy. The findings suggested the health literacy mediated the relationship between health care system distrust and vaccine hesitancy. Health authorities need to consider the dynamic and complex factors around the health care system distrust and health literacy to reduce vaccine hesitancy during COVID-19.
Objective:
This study examines the factors associated with the willingness to get the coronavirus vaccine among individuals aged 18 and above.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Turkey. The participants aged 18 and older were recruited between December 2020 and January 2021 through conventional social media sites. Snowball sampling was used. An anonymous questionnaire consisted of demographics, vaccination experiences, and perceived risk of coronavirus disease.
Results:
1202 women and 651 men were included in the data analysis. Findings showed that demographics, vaccinations experience, and perceived risk of getting COVID-19 were explained 37% of the variance in people’s willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccination according to hierarchical logistic regression. Furthermore, increasing age, being male, acquiring positive information about COVID-19 vaccines, having a lower level of vaccine hesitancy, the high level of worry about the COVID-19 and low level of perceptions of the possibility of becoming infected by the COVID-19 were the main predictors of COVID-19 vaccine willingness.
Conclusions:
Factors affecting adults’ willingness to be inoculated with COVID-19 vaccines were related to demographics, vaccination experiences, and perceived risk of getting COVID-19. We recommend that public health authorities and practitioners should consider these multiple factors regarding vaccine confidence to achieve herd immunity.
The role of parenting may be challenging and complex for parents who are violent in their relationship and employ poor and negative parenting practices. Synthesizing the knowledge of safe father–child interactions in post–domestic violence incidents and positive fathering skills is the major goal of this review. It also aims to identify the available literature on key factors and conditions around child adjustment following intimate partner violence incidents. In order to achieve these goals, this article applied a narrative style literature review. Electronic databases and websites of children’s social services and domestic violence interventions were searched, and 12 research studies met the criteria for the review. The synthesis of the literature suggests that improving custody workers’ knowledge of intimate partner violence and developing father’s parenting practices during interventions are essential in achieving the safety of father–child interactions. The father’s regular participation in perpetrator interventions and parenting programs can prevent them from continuing to abuse their partners and children during visitations. As a result, an approach that acknowledges the multifaceted factors for safe father–child contact and the multifaceted means of reducing child adjustment problems after parental separation was developed.
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