The engineering behavior of clay soils, vary depending on the amount of water they contain. These variations depend on the crystal structure of the clay mineral and the chemical structure of the water in the voids of the soil. In this study, on the geotechnical properties of high plasticity (CH) and low plasticity (CL) clays the effects of waters with different chemical structures were investigated. Within the scope of the study, some geotechnical experiments were carried out on two different clays from Erzurum with high plasticity and low plasticity and, tap water and water with different chemical structures obtained from three different basin in Eastern Anatolia (Fırat Basin, Çoruh Basin and Aras Basin) were used. The consistency limits, standard proctor and unconfined compression tests were carried out on clays, and the experiments were repeated using different basin waters and, the results were compared with the test results with tap water. The test results showed that different waters significantly changed the consistency and compaction properties of high and low plasticity clays and that they did not cause a significant change in unconfined compression strength. Çoruh Basin reduced the liquid limit of the CH and CL clays of the water by 33% and 20%, respectively. With the effect of the Çoruh Basin, the optimum moisture content of the CH clay decreased by 41.2%, while the optimum moisture content of the CL clay increased by 52.7% with the effect of the Fırat Basin.
Depending on their unique layer structures and chemical structures, soil problems such as swelling, settlement and loss of strength can be seen especially on clay soils when exposed to water. Settlement occurring on clay soils on which the structure is built, causes various damages in the building. Additionally, in the clay soil interacting with water, strength loss occurs due to the effect of the building load. Today, when soil improvement techniques are developed and diversified, clay soils can be stabilized by using different additives. A clay soil that has been improved by adding waste marble powder within the scope of this study in certain percentages (5%, 15%, 25%), biopolymer added clay / marble powder samples were obtained by interacting with locust bean gum in certain percentages (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%). There are many studies in the literature on improving clay soils using only marble powder or only biopolymer. In this study, marble powder and biopolymer were used together and thus, the feasibility of a more effective soil improvement has been investigated. The results showed that the unconfined compressive strength of the biopolymer added clay-marble powder mixtures are higher when compared with natural clay. Similarly, shear box test results showed that the unconsolidated-undrained cohesions and internal friction angles of the doped clay samples increased. It was observed that the strength values of marble powder-added clay increased after improving with biopolymer.
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