BackgroundThe screening of frailty in older adults is an important issue in the preventive approach in medicine. Frailty is one of the leading causes of morbidity and premature mortality in older adults.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to validate the PRISMA-7 questionnaire in community-dwelling elderly people living in Antalya, Turkey.MethodsThis study was cross-sectional and observational in nature and was conducted in Antalya (Turkey) from February 2016 to April 2017. One hundred fifty patients participated in this study. PRISMA-7 and the CSHA Clinical Frailty Scale were applied to these patients along with a questionnaire on socio-demographics. No translations were available for the PRISMA-7 or the CSHA in Turkish language. The PRISMA-7 and the CSHA Clinical Frailty Scale were translated by two translators to Turkish language; after compilation and agreeing to one Turkish translation, the text was translated back by two translators to English. The translation was then compiled to one text and compared with the original text. After agreement on the translation, both translations were piloted in 10 elderly people. The final form has been applied in this study. Data of the ten piloted patients have not been included into the dataset. Data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS version 22, using descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. The level of significance was set at 0.05.ResultsOur study showed that participants were in average vulnerability to frailty. The test-retest reliability score for the PRISMA-7 Scale and for the CSHA Clinical Frailty Scale were (r= 99.2; p<0.001) and (r=97.5; p<0.05), respectively. After using CSHA Clinical Frailty Scale as a reference standard, PRISMA-7 showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.903; which is the best accuracy; and medium level for internal consistency (Cronbach’s α =0.714) as a measure for reliability. A cut-off point of 4 or higher for PRISMA-7revealed high sensitivity (81.5%) and specificity (88.2%) for frailty.ConclusionWe would recommend PRISMA-7 as a reliable and valid instrument, with high-level accuracy in the screening process of frailty.
PurposeThe destruction of armed confrontations – ranging from chronic armed conflicts to full-scale wars – leads to enormous loss of human lives and causes wide-scale devastation. They also leave deep and lasting traumas in the minds of those whose lives are torn apart because of a conflict. Memorialisation of conflict-affected sites plays an invaluable part in post-trauma recovery and can contribute to the reconciliation of different groups involved in a conflict as these sites are representatives of communities' collective memory, identity and a source of unity and resilience. This paper aims to investigate post-trauma recovery and reconciliation processes through the phenomena of memorialisation. It aims to answer how and if the memorialisation of sites of pain can contribute to the recovery and reconciliation of affected communities and serve as examples for other people around the world.Design/methodology/approachThe documentation of such processes and the lessons learnt can offer valuable information for conducting similar exercises in other settings ravaged by a conflict. To achieve this, a review of literature on trauma, memory, memorialisation and difficult heritage was conducted, while the memorialisation processes from different cases such as Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1939–1945), Beirut (1975–1990) and Sarajevo's Vijecnica and Mostar Bridge (1992–1995) were analysed.FindingsIt was identified that the potential of memorialisation for post-trauma recovery and reconciliation is vast. However, if these processes can “heal” or “hurt” depend largely on who the stakeholders are; how the site and events are interpreted and presented; how pre/post-conflict relationships and dynamics are harnessed; how symbolic meanings (old and new) are [re]interpreted; the spatial-temporal nature of the site and those interacting with it; and the intended and perceived messages. Altogether, memorialisation of conflict-affected sites is a political and continuous process that should take into consideration all those directly and indirectly involved, the dynamics between them and all the symbolic meanings acquired and attributed to the site.Originality/valueThe study critically explores frameworks of memorialisation and their impact on both the built environment and communities. It contributes to the wider discussion of difficult heritage memorialisation and approaches to reflect on sites and cities emerging from crises such as conflict.
The natural disasters, which affect different geographies across the world, are among the incidents that jeopardize the tangible and intangible cultural assets. Fire is one of the disasters that can be prevented, or the effects thereof mitigated by means of appropriate management models in place regardless of their type. Fires, which are in the status of a social disaster, are a great danger that causes significant damage to historical structures, continue to threaten people, cultural structures and the valuable collections they contain, and cause the disappearance of many irreversible values in many buildings. Fire safety is an important component of cultural heritage. Regardless of the building materials used, prevention efforts against fires, which threaten all building groups, have made progress since the pre-1900s, but unfortunately, we still encounter great losses in every geography. The information obtained upon examination of the modus operandi of the cases about the cause of the incident and spread of fire, and about the first intervention and rehabilitation efforts provide guidance with respect to the management of fire risk. The aim of this study; in a fire that occurred in an important monumental building in the world in the recent past and caused significant losses on the cultural heritage; The reason for its occurrence is to open the focus of cause and effect for discussion through the damage, losses, and rehabilitation studies. The reason for choosing an important iconic monumental building as a case is to define the effect of fire management systems on the event, especially in buildings of this nature.
PurposeThe preventive health institutions were founded in Istanbul as a result of the Ottoman Empire's policy to fight epidemic diseases that affected all parts of the world in the nineteenth century. The purpose of this paper is to examine the historical and current state of these heritage buildings.Design/methodology/approachThrough the original documents, photographs and floor plans dating nineteenth and early twentieth century obtained from the Ottoman State Archives, historical development and architectural features of the buildings have been identified. And the original geographical locations of the buildings, especially the destroyed ones, are investigated by the historic maps. Plan and façade features, construction techniques are examined according to the information gained from the newspapers, journals and health annuals of the period.FindingsThis paper presents the findings of an MSc thesis conducted on the historical approach of preventive health institutions and preservation problems of the Pendik Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology. In the study, it has been examined that institutes in five different functions which were established after the foundation of the Quarantine Council in 1838 with parallel to the course of epidemics and scientific development in the West. In Istanbul, eight quarantine stations, three disinfection stations, one rabies laboratory, one vaccination institute and five bacteriology institutes have been documented. Some of these institutions fell out of use due to the loss of their original function and have been abandoned and demolished, some of them have survived with functional changes. The extant samples of these preventive health institutions are studied on the purpose of investigating their conditions of preservation.Originality/valueLate Ottoman period preventive health institutions in Istanbul have been the subject of the researches within the field of medicine and science history to date. There is no study in Turkish and International literature discussing these institutions in terms of architecture. In the study these buildings have been thoroughly examined based on their architectural features and heritage values. The glass plate photographs of the Pendik Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, floor plans and some photographs of the other institutions which are obtained from Ottoman State Archives and newspapers of the period have been published for the first time in this paper.
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