In this work, nanocomposite material consisting of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and rhodamine 6G (R6G) laser dye was doped with different ratios of polystyrene (PS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polymer blends (i.e. 40% PS/60% PMMA and 50% PS/50% PMMA) using the casting method. The optical properties of the prepared samples were measured using UV-visible spectroscopy. These measurements include the calculations of the absorption (A%), absorption coefficient (α), energy gap (Eg), refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (K) and real and imaginary parts. These nanocomposite materials were investigated using a scanning electron microscope and photoluminescence (PL) spectra emission. The SEM results show that the optimum results were at 50% PS/50% PMMA/TiO2/R6G with all the dye being decorated in the process blend, while the TiO2 nanoparticle demonstrated that the pores were incomplete in some places and complete in others. The optical results show that there are red shifts in all absorption peaks caused by the increased PS ratio. The Eg decreased from 3.2 eV to 2.8 eV as the concentration of PS in the polymer matrix increased. The PL spectrum for the nanocomposites, with a different ratio of PS, shows that sharp peaks of PL emission occur at a wavelength of 570 nm and shift towards longer wavelengths with an increased PS%.
This paper presents a micromachining process for lithium niobate (LiNbO3) material for the rapid prototyping of a resonant sensor design for medical devices applications. Laser micromachining was used to fabricate samples of lithium niobate material. A qualitative visual check of the surface was performed using scanning electron microscopy. The surface roughness was quantitatively investigated using an optical surface profiler. A surface roughness of 0.526 μm was achieved by laser micromachining. The performance of the laser-micromachined sensor has been examined in different working environments and different modes of operation. The sensor exhibits a Quality-factor (Q-factor) of 646 in a vacuum; and a Q-factor of 222 in air. The good match between the modelling and experimental results shows that the laser-micromachined sensor has a high potential to be used as a resonance biosensor.
This research aims to design and synthesize a drug contained nanocomposite papered with a new combination of chitosan (CS)-coated magnetic-gold core-shell (Fe3O4@Au) as curcumin (CU) delivery to treat breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and normal (MCF10A) cell lines. The CU drug was encapsulated in this nanosystem. Folate (Fol) functionalization of this nanosystem for targeting therapy purposes led to the construction of the final Fe3O4@Au-CS-CU-Fol nanoformulation. The SPION@Au was achieved using Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL) procedure by the 530 nm wavelength with various laser fluence (1.8, 2.3, and 2.6) J/cm2. The polymeric coating, drug encapsulation, and Fol functionalization processes were performed due to reverse microemulsion methods. This nanosystem was characterized by a dynamic light scattering (DLS) Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), UV-Visible spectrophotometer, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). A new type of CU-loaded nanocarrier was synthesized, and its anti-tumor properties were evaluated against breast cancer cell lines in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The obtained mean size of Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles (NPs) was 52.37, 60.24, and 72.45 nm at 1.8, 2.3, and 2.6 J/cm2, respectively. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay of drug-loaded NPs on the MDA-MB-231 cell line proved that the CU cytotoxicity effect could enhance when encapsulated in Fe3O4@Au-CS-Fol nanocarrier compared with void CU. On the other hand, the flow cytometry charts presented that this nanoformulation can enhance the remedial properties of CU due to apoptosis stimulation in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis confirmed the activation of apoptosis in the cells treated with the Fe3O4@Au-CS-CU-Fol. The in vivo evaluation of the Fe3O4@Au-CS-CU-Fol nanosystem proved that the tumor volume reduces in a certain time. Close inspection of results confirmed that Fe3O4@Au-CS-CU-Fol exerts a significant chemo-preventive effect on breast cancer through cell viability index, apoptosis stimulation, and anti-tumor activity.
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