Given the seriousness of the results of the COVID-19, countries had to intensify their efforts to confront this pandemic, and put plans to manage this crisis to face its severe economic, health, educational, and social consequences. That is why state institutions are keen to use various strategies that emphasize participation among workers in these institutions and all members of society, and collective decisionmakers in thinking and implementation, then follow-up and evaluate. And they are also keen in activating these strategies through forming committees, work teams, organizing data on crises, preparing, and training individuals to face this pandemic and reduce its destructive effects. The inability of decision-makers to make critical decisions in times of crises and inconsistencies in making them, as well as the lack of efficiency in developing good political standards, lack of skills, in addition to protocols, and the environment that are not supportive of making such decisions in times of crisis, is a matter of concern that may result in heavy losses on all levels, highlighting the need to conduct this study to generate a broad conceptual theory about the role of decision-makers in times of crisis (COVID-19 pandemic as a model) to illustrate how the decision-makers should make positive decisions in crisis, strategies, and skills and roles of them in crisis management. 1.1 | Crisis management Al-Helou (2011) stated that crisis management is an administrative approach to deal with crisis conditions and to prepare and plan of how to confront them, which is an administrative method that primarily depends on the ability to predict crises and develop scenarios for them through examining and diagnosing weaknesses in administrative organization and placing them under close supervision in anticipation of their explosion and the emergence of a genesis. The science of crisis management as an intermediate field between sociology, psychology, and other social sciences, which led to its development according
Sustainable development has become an indispensable thing in our current world, as it constitutes a strong support factor for the process of facing crises if they are present properly, and if their aims that were approved by the United Nations are achieved, countries will rise to an advanced level as in China that has turned from a third world country to a major country after its success in achieving sustainable development, which made it able and ready to face crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which has received international and global attention, whether from the United Nations or other countries, organizations and companies interested and donors to reduce the pandemic because of its great dangers In all dimensions, the fact that the virus has troubles that exacerbate the situation in the event that no necessary measures are taken immediately, and indeed the virus has shifted from a local health crisis in Wuhan, China to a global economic, social and environmental crisis that transcends geographical boundaries, but China is linked to the developmental policies and environmental and social policies were able to face the pandemic, and to overcome it and overcome it quickly, as it has real sustainable development.
Background: Background and aim: Studies, mainly in developed countries, have found a negative impact of the disease on the Quality of Life (QoL). This was affected by different socioeconomic factors and by clinical aspects of the disease. The aim of the present study is to measure the impact of vitiligo on the QoL among patients and to investigate its relation to socio-demographic and clinical factors, in Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted on 143 patients aged 16 years and above diagnosed to have vitiligo by a consultant dermatologist. All available patients to the investigator in the outpatient dermatology unit at a tertiary care hospital were asked to participate. An oral consent was obtained then a short questionnaire was filled for each patient regarding socio-demographic factors and clinical features of the disease. The QoL was estimated by using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Results: The mean age ±SD was 31.85 ± 10.39 years of which 76 were males, and 67 were females. The mean DLQI score was 6.67 (±4.81SD). Only 13.3% reported no effect of the disease on their QoL while 39.9 %, 16.8%, and 30.1 % of patients reported that the disease has small, moderate and very large negative effect, respectively on their QoL. There were no significant differences between the mean DLQI scores and gender, job, type and duration of the disease and current treatment status. The Qol was significantly more negatively affected among younger patients, those with higher education, married women, patient with darker skin type, and patients with hands, arms and feet involvement and those with a negative family history of vitiligo. Conclusion: The disease has a negative impact on the QoL in the majority of patients. The dermatologist should put an emphasis on the psychological problems of the disease among their patients during planning their future management course.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.