BackgroundPatient-centered care is now the goal for virtually all healthcare systems. The aim of this research was to evaluate the patient care quality in regard to drug dispensing in four hospitals in southern Ethiopia namely Wolaita Sodo University teaching and referral hospital (WSUTRH), Tercha zonal hospital (TZH), Sodo Christian hospital (SCH) and Dubo St. Mary’s Catholic primary hospital (DSMCPH).MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted by using the WHO patient care and facility indicators between September 10 and October 20, 2014. Patients who visited the outpatient departments of the four hospitals were selected by systematic random sampling method and interviewed. In total 384 patients were selected based on a rough estimate of proportion of patients visiting to the four hospitals. Facility indicators including the availability of essential drugs list (EDL), national drug formulary, standard treatment guideline (STG) and key drugs were evaluated. Descriptive statistical calculations were performed using SPSS® version 20.0 software.ResultThe mean number of drugs was in the range between 1.9 ± 0.9 to 2.2 ± 2.0. The mean consultation time range was found to be 4.2 ± 1.6 to 4.9 ± 5.0 min whereas the mean dispensing time was ranged from 96.1 ± 52.0 to 152.3 ± 47.6 s. The overall mean number of drug prescribed for the four hospitals was 2.0 ± 1.2 and the mean percentage of medications actually dispensed in the hospitals was thus calculated to be 86.3. The mean percentage of medications clearly labeled was 45.4. Patients who knew their dosage forms accurately were 78.8. Among the four hospitals evaluated only one hospital (25 %) had at least a copy of the Ethiopian essential drug list (EDL), standard treatment guideline for hospitals and drug formulary. The mean availability of key drugs in the hospitals was found to be 65.7 %.ConclusionThe result of the present study indicates that the patient consulting time, medications labeling and availability of key drugs in the hospitals are inadequate. The medication labeling practice in the four hospitals is unacceptably low. These patient care indicators need a special attention for improvement.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1882-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The use of sanitation facilities is known to interrupt the transmission of fecal-to-oral related disease.Health improvement comes from the proper use of sanitation facilities, not simply their physical presence. This is best achieved through regular use of clean and well maintained latrines. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess latrine utilization and associated factors in the rural community of Chencha district, Gamo Goffa Zone in February 2013. Sample population of 420 households with latrine facilities were selected from 5 sub districts (Kebeles). Multistage systematic random sampling method was used. The structured questionnaire was used for data collection. All types of available latrines were pit latrines. Of which 67.4% latrines were functional and from which 46.4% required maintenance. Among 415 households, overall latrine use was 60% and the remaining 40% households were not using latrine. However, over all persistent utilization was 31.08%. Main reasons for non-use or non-persistent use of latrine were lack of functional latrine, stay out for farming and lack of supra structure of latrine. self-initiation (AOR (95% CI) = 6.480(2.772-15.379), p<0.001), peer influence (AOR (95% CI)= 3.111(1.470-6.584), p= 0.003), length of years since latrine was constructed ((AOR (95% CI) = 0.219(0.133-0.362) P<0.001), and educational status of the heads of households ((AOR (95% CI) = 3.293 (1.969-5.506) P<0.001) were the major predictors affecting utilization of latrines. In conclusion, Latrine status and utilization in rural community of Chencha district was found to be very low and needed attention to promote hygiene and sanitation behavior in the community.

Background. Use of laryngeal mask airway as an alternative to the endotracheal tube has attracted the attention of several workers with regard to intraocular pressure changes. However, the previous studies have reported different results while comparing intraocular pressure, following insertion of laryngeal mask airway or the endotracheal tube. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to generate the best possible evidence on the intraocular pressure response to endotracheal tube intubation and laryngeal mask airway insertion. Methods. Electronic databases like PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane library databases, and Mednar were used. All original peer-reviewed papers which reported the mean and standard deviation of IOP before and after airway instrumentation in both groups were included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data using a standardized data extraction format for eligibility and appraised their quality. Data were analyzed using the STATA version 14 software. The pooled standard mean difference was estimated with the random-effect model. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by the I2 statistics test. A subgroup analysis was done to assess the source of variation between the studies. Result. A total of 47 research papers were reviewed, of which, six studies were finally included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall pooled standard mean difference of intraocular pressure was 1.30 (95% CI, 0.70, 1.90), showing that LMA insertion is better than ETT intubation to maintain stable intraocular pressure. A random-effect model was employed to estimate the pooled standard mean differences due to severe heterogeneity (I2 79.45,  p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion. The available information suggests that the LMA provides lesser intraocular pressure response in comparison with the conventional tracheal tube.

Setting Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a traditional surgical modification of the female genitalia comprising all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for cultural or nontherapeutic reasons. It can be harmful and violates girls' and women's human rights. FGM is a worldwide problem but mainly practiced in Africa. FGM is still widely practiced in Ethiopia despite being made a criminal offence in 2004. Objective Using data from three Ethiopian Demographic Health Surveys (EDHS) conducted in 2000, 2005 and 2016 the objective was to assess changes in prevalence of FGM and associated factors among women of reproductive age and their daughters. Methods EDHS datasets for the three surveys included data on FGM prevalence and socio-demographic factors. After weighting, the data were analysed using frequencies, proportions and the chi square test for trend. Categorical variables associated with FGM in 2016 were compared using OpenEpi and presented as prevalence ratios (Pr) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). Levels of significance were set at 5% (P<0.05).

Background Long-acting contraceptive methods can play a pivotal role in ining reducing maternal mortality. In The total fertility rate of Ethiopia is as high as 4.6 children per woman, which is manifested by short birth-interval. However, this rapid population growth is not in line with the weak economic growth of the country. Therefore, this study was done to explore the lived experiences of women who underwent early removal of long-acting contraceptive methods in Bedesa town, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A phenomenological study design was employed from April 16–22, 2020 to conduct this qualitative study among Bedessa town community. Individual In-depth interviews were used to collect data from a sampled study participants recruited through criterion sampling method. Based on the theoretical saturation of data, this study included a total of 10 in-depth interviews of sampled women.. Open code version 4.03 was used to code and facilitate analysis. The study used thematic analysis technique after the transcripts were read and re-read separately by the investigators to identify emerging themes. Results This study revealed that the majority of participants were able to mention at least three types of contraceptive methods. Participants frequently said that the side effect of the long-acting family planning methods as the main reason for early removal. Furthermore, heavy and irregular menses were mentioned as the most frequently occurring side effects. Delayed fertility after removal of long-acting contraceptive was one of frequently stated fear by the clients. Some of the participants indicated that counseling provided by health professionals was not adequate. Conclusion The majority of our study participants taught that the side effects of long-acting family planning methods outweigh than benefits. Besides, the counseling service provided by health care providers was not adequate. Therefore, proper counseling services should be given to mothers who are taking long-acting family planning methods.

Background Long-acting contraceptive methods can play a pivotal role in reducing maternal mortality. In Etiopia, the total fertility rate per woman is 4.6. However, this rapid population growth is not in line with the weak economic growth of the country. Therefore, this study was done to explore the lived experiences of women who underwent early removal of long-acting contraceptive methods in Bedesa town, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A phenomenological study design was employed to include a total of 10 in-depth interviews of sampled women. Participants were recruited through criterion sampling method. Open code version 4.03 was used to code and facilitate analysis. Transcripts were read and re-read separately to identify emerging themes. Thematic analysis technique was used. Results This study revealed that the side effect of the long-acting family planning methods were the main reason for early removal. Furthermore, heavy and irregular menses were mentioned as the most frequently occurred side effects. Delayed fertility after removal of long-acting contraceptive was one of frequently stated fear by the clients. It was also stated that counseling provided by health professionals was not adequate. Conclusion The majority of study participants taught that the side effects of long-acting family planning methods outweigh the benefits. Besides, the counseling services provided by health care providers were not adequate. Therefore, proper counseling services should be given to mothers who are taking long-acting family planning methods.

Background: Long-acting contraceptive methods can play a pivotal role in reducing maternal mortality. In Etiopia, the total fertility rate per woman is 4.6. However, this rapid population growth is not in line with the weak economic growth of the country. Therefore, this study was performed to explore the lived experiences of women who underwent early removal of long-acting contraceptive methods in Bedesa town, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A phenomenological study design was employed to include a total of 10 in-depth interviews of sampled women. Participants were recruited through the criterion sampling method. Open code version 4.03 was used to code and facilitate analysis. Transcripts were read and re-read separately to identify emerging themes. A thematic analysis technique was used.Results: This study revealed that the side effects of long-acting family planning methods were the main reason for early removal. Furthermore, heavy and irregular menses were mentioned as the most frequently occurring side effects. Delayed fertility after removal of long-acting contraceptives was one of the most frequently stated fears by clients. It was also stated that counseling provided by health professionals was not adequate.Conclusion: The majority of study participants taught that the side effects of long-acting family planning methods outweigh the benefits. In addition, the counseling services provided by health care providers were not adequate. Therefore, proper counseling services should be given to mothers who are taking long-acting family planning methods.

Abstract:Eucalyptus globulus essential oil is widely used for medicinal purpose because of its pharmacological constituents. The present study aimed to use water emulsified E. globulus oil as an antiseptic agent in the treatment protocol of podoconiosis (non-filarial elephantiasis) and compare disease improvement upon E. globulus oil versus bleach (usual antiseptic chemical) use in the treatment protocol. An interventional study was conducted from January to March, 2012 to compare disease improvement on podoconiosis upon using water emulsified E. globulus oil versus bleach-water solution as antiseptic agents in podoconiosis treatment. Forty podoconiosis patients purposely selected and randomly allocated into intervention (E. globulus oil) group and comparison (bleach) group with matched clinical stage of podoconiosis. After the baseline data recording, home based treatment was started and follow-up had been undertaken every week for 3-month period. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 statistical package. The mean clinical stages of the disease among the study participants were 2.72 for the right and 2.80 for the left legs before the treatment start. Seventeen (32.5%) of patients suffered from the disease for more than 25 years. For all the outcomes measured at the end of study period, the individual treatment effects of eucalyptus oil and bleach antiseptic agents were compared and the result showed no significant difference. Hence, eucalyptus oil emulsified in water can be used as alternative antiseptic agent in podoconiosis treatment protocol.