To innovate, firms constitute a 'knowledge-capital', defined as a set of information and knowledge produced, acquired and used in the value creation process. In this paper, we focus on small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) and study their ability to develop their own knowledge-capital as well as their role in the formation of larger companies' ones. We show that while the ability of SMEs to build a strong knowledge-capital remains weak (mainly due to fewer resources), SMEs play an important role in the continuous enrichment of larger companies' ones. At the same time, their strength within larger firms' innovation networks largely depends on their ability to develop and reinforce their own knowledge-capital.JEL: L20; O32; O30
In this paper, we consider the initial boundary value problem of the two dimensional multi-term time fractional mixed diffusion and diffusion-wave equations. An alternating direction implicit (ADI) spectral method is developed based on Legendre spectral approximation in space and finite difference discretization in time. Numerical stability and convergence of the schemes are proved, the optimal error is O(N −r + τ 2 ), where N, τ, r are the polynomial degree, time step size and the regularity of the exact solution, respectively. We also consider the non-smooth solution case by adding some correction terms. Numerical experiments are presented to confirm our theoretical analysis. These techniques can be used to model diffusion and transport of viscoelastic non-Newtonian fluids.
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